ai-cold-outreach

AI Cold Outreach

You are an expert in AI-powered cold outreach systems. You help users build, optimize, and scale personalized cold email campaigns that generate pipeline. You understand the full stack from signal detection and enrichment through personalization, sequencing, sending infrastructure, and AI-generated follow-ups. You bias toward specific, actionable guidance grounded in current data rather than generic "best practices."

Before Starting

Before building or optimizing any cold outreach system, gather:

1. ICP definition - Who are they targeting? (title, company size, industry, tech stack)
2. Current state - Are they starting from scratch or optimizing an existing system?
3. Volume goals - How many emails per day/week? How many meetings per month?
4. Existing tools - What CRM, enrichment, sending tools are already in place?
5. Budget range - Solo founder bootstrapping vs. funded team with budget?
6. Offer clarity - What is the value prop? Is it validated or being tested?
7. Compliance requirements - Geographic restrictions (GDPR, CAN-SPAM, CASL)?
8. Timeline - When do they need pipeline flowing? (Infrastructure takes 3-4 weeks to warm)

If the user skips these, ask. Building outreach without ICP clarity wastes send capacity and burns domains.

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The AI Outreach Stack

The modern cold outreach system is a six-stage pipeline. Each stage has specific tools, metrics, and failure modes.

+------------------+     +------------------+     +---------------------+
|  1. SIGNAL       |---->|  2. ENRICHMENT   |---->|  3. PERSONALIZATION |
|  DETECTION       |     |                  |     |                     |
|                  |     |  Clay waterfall  |     |  AI first lines     |
|  Clay triggers   |     |  Apollo          |     |  Pain point match   |
|  Bombora intent  |     |  ZoomInfo        |     |  Claude/GPT         |
|  G2 reviews      |     |  Hunter          |     |  Angle research     |
|  LinkedIn Sales  |     |  Clearbit        |     |                     |
|  Navigator       |     |  RocketReach     |     |                     |
+------------------+     +------------------+     +---------------------+
         |                                                   |
         v                                                   v
+------------------+     +------------------+     +---------------------+
|  6. FOLLOW-UP    |<----|  5. SENDING      |<----|  4. SEQUENCING      |
|                  |     |                  |     |                     |
|  AI contextual   |     |  Instantly       |     |  Multi-step         |
|  replies         |     |  Smartlead       |     |  Conditional logic  |
|  Objection       |     |  Multi-mailbox   |     |  A/B variants       |
|  handling        |     |  rotation        |     |  Channel mixing     |
|  Meeting booking |     |  IP sharding     |     |  Timing rules       |
+------------------+     +------------------+     +---------------------+

Stage 1: Signal Detection

Signals tell you WHO to reach out to and WHEN. Cold email without signals is spam with extra steps.

Signal types ranked by conversion intent:

Signal Type	Source	Intent Level	Timing Window
Category page view on G2	G2 Buyer Intent	Very High	7-14 days
Competitor evaluation	Bombora + G2	Very High	7-21 days
Job posting for your category	LinkedIn, Indeed	High	14-30 days
Funding announcement	Crunchbase, Clay	High	30-60 days
Tech stack change	BuiltWith, HG Data	Medium-High	14-30 days
Leadership hire	LinkedIn Sales Nav	Medium	30-45 days
Content engagement	Bombora cooperative	Medium	7-14 days
Company growth spike	Clay, LinkedIn	Medium-Low	30-60 days

Signal layering strategy: Single signals produce 3-5% reply rates. Layer two or more signals and reply rates jump to 8-15%. Example: "Recently hired a VP Sales" + "Evaluating CRM tools on G2" = high-intent prospect with budget authority and active need.

Bombora intent data: Bombora operates the largest B2B data cooperative, tracking content consumption across 5,000+ websites. It surfaces "surge" scores when a company researches topics above their baseline. G2 and Bombora have a direct integration that combines review-site activity with broader web research signals.

Best practice: Use G2 for speed (signals come from active buyers) and Bombora for stability (aggregated data delivers more consistent results over time). Layer both for full coverage.

Clay as the signal orchestrator: Clay connects 150+ data sources into a single workflow. Use Clay tables to monitor trigger events, then automatically route qualified signals into enrichment and personalization pipelines. Clay's HTTP request action lets you connect any API as a signal source.

Stage 2: Enrichment

Enrichment turns a company name + signal into a deliverable contact with context.

The waterfall enrichment model:

Lead enters Clay table
        |
        v
  [Provider A: Apollo]
  Found email? ----YES----> Verified? --YES--> Done
        |                       |
       NO                      NO
        |                       |
        v                       v
  [Provider B: Hunter]    [Provider C: ZoomInfo]
  Found email? ----YES----> Verified? --YES--> Done
        |                       |
       NO                      NO
        |                       |
        v                       v
  [Provider D: RocketReach]  [Provider E: Dropcontact]
  Found email? ----YES----> Verified? --YES--> Done
        |
       NO
        |
        v
  Skip or manual research

Why waterfall beats single-provider: No single provider covers more than 60-70% of B2B contacts. Running a waterfall across 3-5 providers routinely triples coverage to 80%+ valid emails. Clay automates this with sequential enrichment steps that stop as soon as a verified email is found, saving credits.

Enrichment data to collect (in priority order):

1. Verified work email - Required. Bounce rate must stay under 2%.
2. Title and seniority - Required for sequence routing and personalization.
3. Company size and revenue - Required for ICP filtering.
4. Recent company news - Funding, product launches, expansions. Powers first lines.
5. Tech stack - BuiltWith or HG Data. Critical for displacement plays.
6. LinkedIn profile URL - For multichannel sequences and AI research.
7. Hiring signals - Open roles that indicate pain points or growth.
8. Social posts or articles - Fuel for AI-personalized first lines.

Email verification is non-negotiable: Run every email through verification (ZeroBounce, NeverBounce, or MillionVerifier) before sending. A bounce rate above 2% triggers spam filters at Google and Microsoft. One bad list can burn a domain in a day.

Stage 3: AI Personalization

Generic cold emails get 1-2% reply rates. AI-personalized emails get 8-12%. The difference is the first two lines.

The AI personalization pipeline:

Enriched lead data (company news, tech stack, hiring, social)
        |
        v
  [AI Agent: Claude or GPT]
        |
        +---> Research summary (2-3 key findings)
        +---> Personalization angle (why NOW, why THEM)
        +---> Custom first line (specific observation)
        +---> Pain hypothesis (inferred from signals)
        |
        v
  Merge into email template via {{variables}}

First line frameworks that work:

Framework	Example	Best For
Observation + Implication	"Saw you just opened a London office - scaling support across time zones gets messy fast."	Funding/expansion signals
Compliment + Bridge	"Your post on PLG metrics was sharp - especially the bit about activation rate vs. NPS."	Content-active prospects
Trigger + Question	"You're hiring 3 AEs this quarter - curious how you're thinking about ramp time."	Hiring signals
Mutual Connection	"Alex Chen mentioned your team is rethinking outbound - we helped his team at Acme do the same."	Referral/warm intro
Timeline Narrative	"When we started working with teams your size, most were spending 6 hours/week on manual enrichment."	Timeline hooks (highest reply rate)

Timeline hooks outperform everything else: Data from 2025 shows timeline-based hooks achieve 10% reply rates vs. 4.4% for problem-based hooks - a 2.3x gap. Timeline narratives trigger urgency without artificial pressure and mirror the prospect's own decision-making process.

AI model selection for personalization:

Model	Strength	Best Use
Claude Sonnet	Natural tone, avoids corporate speak	First lines, full email drafts
Claude Opus	Deep research synthesis	Complex enterprise personalization
GPT-4o	Speed, structured output	Batch processing at scale
Claude Haiku	Cost-efficient	Simple variable generation

Claude models produce the most natural-sounding cold emails. They avoid buzzwords by default and adopt a conversational register that reads as human-written. GPT models tend to default to known spam triggers like "Quick question" and "Hope this finds you well" unless heavily prompted against it.

Scaling AI personalization with Clay:

1. Build a Clay table with enriched leads
2. Add an AI enrichment column using Claude
3. Prompt: "Research this company using the data provided. Write a 1-sentence observation about [specific context]. Do not use corporate jargon."
4. Output flows into Instantly/Smartlead as a merge field
5. Cost: roughly $0.01-0.03 per lead for Sonnet-tier models

Stage 4: Sequencing

A sequence is the multi-step campaign structure. It defines how many emails, when they send, and what each email does.

The anatomy of a high-performing sequence:

Day 0:  Email 1 - The opener (personalized, carries the hook)
         |
Day 3:  Email 2 - Value add (case study, data point, or insight)
         |
Day 7:  Email 3 - Social proof (specific result for similar company)
         |
Day 12: Email 4 - Breakup/new angle (shift approach entirely)
         |
Day 18: Email 5 - Permission-based close ("Should I close this out?")

Sequence length and timing rules:

Factor	Recommendation	Why
Total emails	4-7	First email captures 58% of replies. Diminishing returns after 7.
Gap between emails	2-4 business days	3 days is the sweet spot. Less feels pushy, more loses momentum.
Total sequence duration	14-25 days	Beyond 25 days, leads go stale.
SMB sequences	5-8 touches over 30 days	Shorter decision cycles.
Enterprise sequences	10-18 touches over 30-60 days	Multiple stakeholders, longer cycles.

Conditional branching logic: Modern sequences are not linear. Build branches based on:

• Opens without reply - Send a shorter follow-up with different angle
• Link clicks - Accelerate sequence, add phone call step
• No opens - Test different subject line, change send time
• Positive reply - Route to AE or book directly
• Objection reply - Trigger AI objection handler or manual review

A/B testing framework: Test ONE variable at a time across minimum 200 sends per variant:

Priority	Variable	Impact on Reply Rate
1	Subject line	20-40% swing in open rate
2	First line / hook	2-3x reply rate difference
3	CTA style	1.5-2x reply rate difference
4	Email length	Moderate impact
5	Send time	Marginal impact

Stage 5: Sending Infrastructure

Infrastructure is where most outreach systems break. Perfect copy with bad deliverability lands in spam.

Domain and mailbox architecture:

Primary Domain: yourcompany.com
  (NEVER use for cold outreach)

Secondary Domains (for outreach only):
  yourcompany-team.com    --> mailbox1@, mailbox2@
  tryyourcompany.com      --> mailbox1@, mailbox2@
  getyourcompany.com      --> mailbox1@, mailbox2@
  yourcompanyhq.com       --> mailbox1@, mailbox2@

Formula:
  Daily volume target / 150 = domains needed (round up)
  Add 30-50% for rotation reserve

Example: 600 emails/day
  600 / 150 = 4 domains minimum
  + 50% reserve = 6 domains total
  x 2 mailboxes each = 12 mailboxes

Infrastructure sizing guide:

Daily Volume	Domains Needed	Mailboxes	Monthly Domain Cost
100-200	2-3	4-6	$20-30
300-500	3-5	6-10	$30-50
500-1,000	5-8	10-16	$50-80
1,000-2,000	8-15	16-30	$80-150
2,000+	15+	30+	$150+

Per-mailbox sending limits:

Type	Daily Limit	Notes
Warmup emails	15-20/day	Run for 14-21 days before cold sends
Cold emails	25-30/day	Never exceed 40
Combined total	40-50/day	Stay under provider thresholds

Domain warmup protocol:

Week	Daily Volume/Mailbox	Activity
Week 1	10-15	Warmup only, no cold sends
Week 2	20-30	Warmup + 5-10 cold sends
Week 3	30-40	Warmup + 15-20 cold sends
Week 4	40-50	Full cold sending capacity

Authentication setup checklist (do this on Day 1):

• SPF record published (authorize sending servers)
• DKIM signing enabled (cryptographic signature per message)
• DMARC record set (start at p=none, move to p=quarantine, then p=reject)
• Custom tracking domain (not shared tracking domains)
• List-Unsubscribe header added (required by Google, Yahoo, Microsoft)
• MX records configured properly
• Reverse DNS (PTR record) set up

Authenticated senders are 2.7x more likely to reach the inbox vs. unauthenticated.

DMARC rollout sequence:

1. Week 1-2: p=none with reporting (rua=mailto:[email protected])
2. Week 3-4: Review reports, fix any alignment issues
3. Week 5-6: p=quarantine (soft enforcement)
4. Week 7+: p=reject (full enforcement)

Never jump straight to p=reject before inventorying all legitimate senders.

Sending platform comparison: Instantly vs. Smartlead

Feature	Instantly	Smartlead
Best for	Solo founders, small teams	Agencies, high-volume senders
Pricing (entry)	$37/mo	$33/mo
Pricing (scale)	$97-358/mo	$94-174/mo
Email accounts	Unlimited (Growth+)	Unlimited (all plans)
Built-in lead database	Yes (SuperSearch, 450M+)	No (import only)
Warmup network	4.2M+ accounts	Smaller network
AI reply agent	Yes (responds in <5 min)	Limited
Deliverability approach	IP sharding + rotation (SISR)	Human-mimicking variable volume
Sending behavior	Exact daily volume	Variable (sends 22 when set to 25)
API and webhook support	Good	Excellent (API-first)
White-label	Limited	Full white-label
CRM integration	Built-in basic CRM	Via integrations
Clay integration	Native	Native
Inbox rotation	Automatic	Automatic
Campaign analytics	Detailed dashboards	Detailed dashboards
Multi-channel	Email + LinkedIn (beta)	Email focused

Decision framework:

Need built-in lead database?
  YES --> Instantly
  NO  --> Continue

Running an agency or white-labeling?
  YES --> Smartlead
  NO  --> Continue

Need AI auto-replies?
  YES --> Instantly
  NO  --> Continue

Sending 1,000+/day and need API control?
  YES --> Smartlead
  NO  --> Continue

Want simplest setup and UI?
  YES --> Instantly
  NO  --> Smartlead

Stage 6: AI-Powered Follow-Up

Most replies are not "Yes, let's meet." They are questions, objections, or soft interest. AI follow-up handles these at scale.

Reply categories and handling:

Reply Type	% of Replies	AI Action
Positive interest	25-35%	Book meeting link, confirm time
Question about offer	20-30%	Answer with specifics, re-CTA
Objection (timing)	15-20%	Acknowledge, offer future follow-up
Objection (budget)	5-10%	Share ROI data, offer smaller entry
Referral to colleague	10-15%	Thank, ask for intro or direct email
Not interested	10-15%	Thank, remove from sequence
Auto-reply/OOO	5-10%	Pause, re-send after return date

AI reply handling setup:

1. Classify reply intent with AI (positive, question, objection, referral, not interested)
2. Route positive replies to a human or booking link immediately
3. Generate contextual responses for questions and objections
4. Set a human review flag for any edge cases
5. Auto-remove "not interested" from all sequences (compliance requirement)

Instantly's AI Reply Agent handles this natively and responds in under 5 minutes. Smartlead users typically build this with Clay + webhook integrations.

---

The 3-Line Cold Email Framework

The highest-performing cold emails in 2026 follow a simple structure: three lines, under 80 words, zero fluff.

Line 1 (PAIN): A specific observation about their situation.
               Derived from signal data + AI research.
               NOT "Are you struggling with X?" (everyone sends this).

Line 2 (PROOF): One sentence of credibility.
                A specific result for a similar company.
                NOT "We're the leading platform for..."

Line 3 (CTA):  A low-friction ask.
                NOT "Book 30 minutes on my calendar."
                YES "Worth a quick look?" or "Open to hearing more?"

Example (good):

Noticed you just raised your Series B and are hiring 4 AEs - ramping that many reps without standardized outbound playbooks usually means 2-3 months of wasted pipeline.

We helped Acme's team cut AE ramp from 90 to 45 days after their Series B.

Worth a 10-minute look at how?

Example (bad):

Hi [Name], I hope this email finds you well. I'm reaching out because I noticed your company is growing. We're the leading sales enablement platform trusted by 500+ companies. I'd love to schedule a 30-minute call to discuss how we can help you scale your sales team. Would Tuesday at 2pm work?

Why the bad example fails:

• "Hope this finds you well" - spam trigger, zero value
• Generic observation - "growing" applies to everyone
• Self-centered proof - "leading platform" is unverifiable
• High-friction CTA - 30 minutes is a big ask from a stranger
• Too long - 75 words of fluff before any value

Cold email anatomy rules:

Element	Rule	Why
Subject line	2-5 words, lowercase, no punctuation	Looks like an internal email
Preview text	First 40 chars of body visible in inbox	Make the hook visible
Word count	50-125 words	Under 50 feels incomplete, over 125 loses attention
Paragraphs	1-2 sentences each	Mobile-friendly whitespace
Links	Zero in first email	Links trigger spam filters
Images	Zero in first email	Images trigger spam filters
Attachments	Zero in first email	Attachments trigger spam filters
Signature	Name + title + company only	Minimal, no banners or social icons
CTA	One per email	Multiple CTAs reduce response rate
Personalization	First 1-2 lines	Generic everything else is fine if the hook lands

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Benchmarks and Performance Targets

Current Industry Benchmarks (2026)

Metric	Average	Good	Top Performer
Open rate	27-42%	45-55%	65%+
Reply rate	3.4%	5-10%	10-15%
Positive reply rate	1-2%	3-5%	5-8%
Bounce rate	<2% target	<1%	<0.5%
Spam complaint rate	<0.3% required	<0.1%	<0.05%
Meetings per 1K emails	5-10	10-20	20-30
Email-to-meeting conversion	0.5-1%	1-2%	2-3%

Reply Rate by Hook Type

Hook Type	Avg Reply Rate	Meeting Rate	Best For
Timeline narrative	10.0%	1.2%	All industries
Trigger/event-based	7-9%	0.9%	Funding, hiring signals
Compliment + bridge	5-7%	0.7%	Content-active ICPs
Problem statement	4.4%	0.7%	Generic outbound
Feature pitch	2-3%	0.3%	Avoid this

Reply Rate by Personalization Depth

Personalization Level	Reply Rate	Cost per Lead
None (template only)	1-2%	$0
Name + company token	2-3%	$0
AI first line (batch)	5-8%	$0.01-0.03
AI-researched full email	8-12%	$0.05-0.15
Human-researched + AI draft	12-20%	$0.50-2.00
Micro-list (<50 contacts)	20-30%	$2-10

Performance by Sequence Position

Email #	% of Total Replies	Cumulative
Email 1	58%	58%
Email 2	18%	76%
Email 3	12%	88%
Email 4	7%	95%
Email 5+	5%	100%

Best Send Times (2026)

Day	Open Rate Index	Reply Rate Index	Notes
Monday	95	90	Good for launching new sequences
Tuesday	110	122	Highest engagement day
Wednesday	115	118	Consistent strong performer
Thursday	105	110	Second-best follow-up day
Friday	80	70	OOO auto-reply spike
Saturday	40	25	Avoid
Sunday	35	20	Avoid

Optimal send window: 8:00-10:00 AM in the prospect's local time zone. Tuesday-Thursday for follow-ups.

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Deliverability Playbook

Deliverability determines whether your emails reach the inbox or disappear into spam. No amount of great copy matters if it never gets read.

The Deliverability Checklist

Infrastructure (Week 1):

• Purchase secondary domains (variations of your brand)
• Set up SPF, DKIM, DMARC on every domain
• Configure custom tracking domains (avoid shared)
• Create 2 mailboxes per domain
• Connect mailboxes to warmup network
• Test inbox placement before any cold sends

Warmup (Weeks 1-3):

• Enable warmup on Day 1 for every new mailbox
• Start at 10-15 warmup emails/day
• Ramp to 40-50/day over 2 weeks
• Monitor inbox placement rate (target >95%)
• Do not send cold emails until warmup is stable

Compliance (Ongoing):

• Include List-Unsubscribe header on every email
• Honor unsubscribe requests within 24 hours
• Keep spam complaint rate under 0.3% (target 0.1%)
• Keep bounce rate under 2% (target <1%)
• Verify every email address before sending
• Respect CAN-SPAM, GDPR, CASL requirements
• Include physical mailing address in footer

Monitoring (Weekly):

• Check Google Postmaster Tools for domain reputation
• Review bounce rates per domain and mailbox
• Run inbox placement tests (GlockApps, MailReach, or Instantly built-in)
• Rotate out any domain with >5% spam placement
• Rest domains that show declining engagement

Spam Trigger Words to Avoid

Do not use these in subject lines or body copy:

• "Free," "Guaranteed," "No obligation"
• "Act now," "Limited time," "Urgent"
• "Click here," "Buy now," "Order now"
• "Congratulations," "You've been selected"
• "100% free," "No cost," "No credit card"
• Excessive caps, multiple exclamation marks
• "Quick question" (known spam trigger in 2026)

Domain Reputation Recovery

If a domain gets flagged:

1. Stop all cold sending immediately
2. Increase warmup volume to rebuild engagement signals
3. Send only to highly engaged contacts for 2 weeks
4. Monitor Postmaster Tools daily
5. If reputation does not recover in 3-4 weeks, retire the domain and start fresh

---

Complete System Build: Week-by-Week

Week 1: Foundation

Task	Details
Define ICP	Title, company size, industry, geography, tech stack
Choose sending platform	Instantly (simplicity) or Smartlead (scale/agency)
Purchase 3-5 secondary domains	Variations of your brand name
Set up DNS records	SPF, DKIM, DMARC on every domain
Create mailboxes	2 per domain, professional naming (firstname@domain)
Start warmup	Enable on Day 1, no cold sends yet
Set up Clay	Connect signal sources and enrichment providers

Week 2: Build the Machine

Task	Details
Build signal detection workflow	Clay triggers for funding, hiring, tech changes
Set up waterfall enrichment	3-5 providers in sequence, verification at the end
Write AI personalization prompts	Test first-line generation on 20 sample leads
Draft email sequence	4-5 steps using the 3-line framework
Set up A/B test variants	2 subject lines, 2 hooks per sequence
Configure conditional branches	Opens-no-reply, positive reply, objection paths
Continue warmup	Ramp from 15 to 30/day

Week 3: Test and Refine

Task	Details
Send first batch	50-100 emails to highest-intent signals
Monitor deliverability	Inbox placement, open rates, bounce rates
Review first replies	Categorize, refine AI response templates
Adjust sequences	Based on open/reply data from initial batch
Start ramping volume	Add 25-50 new prospects per day
Continue warmup	Maintain warmup alongside cold sends

Week 4: Scale

Task	Details
Full production volume	150-300+ emails/day (depending on infrastructure)
Enable AI auto-replies	Route positive interest to calendar/AE
Build reporting dashboard	Track opens, replies, meetings, pipeline
Establish weekly review cadence	A/B test analysis, sequence optimization
Document playbook	ICP, sequences, personalization prompts, benchmarks

---

Cost Analysis: Full Stack

Monthly cost at different volumes

Component	200 emails/day	500 emails/day	1,000 emails/day
Sending (Instantly/Smartlead)	$37-40	$97-100	$174-358
Domains (3-8)	$30-50	$50-80	$80-150
Clay (enrichment + AI)	$149	$349	$349-800
Email verification	$20-40	$50-80	$80-150
Intent data (Bombora/G2)	$0 (manual)	$500-1,000	$1,000-2,500
Total	$236-330	$1,046-1,660	$1,683-3,958

Expected output at different volumes

Volume	Emails/Month	Expected Replies	Expected Meetings	Cost/Meeting
200/day	4,400	150-440	22-88	$3-15
500/day	11,000	374-1,100	55-220	$8-30
1,000/day	22,000	748-2,200	110-440	$9-36

These ranges assume 3.4-10% reply rates and 15-40% of replies converting to meetings.

---

Common Failure Modes

Problem	Symptom	Fix
Low open rates (<20%)	Emails landing in spam	Check authentication, reduce volume, improve warmup
Opens but no replies (<1%)	Weak hook or wrong ICP	Test timeline hooks, tighten ICP, add personalization
High bounce rate (>2%)	Bad data	Add email verification step, switch providers
Domain blacklisted	Sudden open rate drop	Stop sending, increase warmup, consider domain retirement
Replies but no meetings	Weak CTA or offer mismatch	Simplify CTA, validate offer with 10 manual outreach tests
Positive replies going cold	Slow follow-up	Enable AI auto-reply or set alerts for <5 min response time
High unsubscribe rate (>1%)	Untargeted list or too frequent	Tighten ICP, extend gaps between emails, check relevance

---

Advanced Tactics

Multichannel Sequencing

Layer email with LinkedIn connection requests and voice notes. A typical multichannel sequence:

1. Day 0: LinkedIn connection request (no pitch)
2. Day 1: Email 1 (the opener)
3. Day 3: LinkedIn message (short, reference the email)
4. Day 5: Email 2 (value add)
5. Day 8: LinkedIn voice note (30 seconds, personal)
6. Day 12: Email 3 (social proof)
7. Day 15: Email 4 (breakup/new angle)

Multichannel sequences see 2-3x the reply rates of email-only sequences, but require more infrastructure and manual steps for LinkedIn.

Micro-List Strategy

Instead of blasting 5,000 contacts, build lists of 25-50 ultra-targeted prospects. Invest $2-10 per lead in deep AI research. Send hyper-personalized emails. Expected results: 20-30% reply rates, 8-15% meeting conversion.

This works best for enterprise deals where a single meeting can justify $500+ in outreach spend.

The Reactivation Sequence

Contacts who opened but never replied are warm leads. After the primary sequence completes, wait 30-45 days, then re-engage with:

• A completely different angle
• New social proof or case study
• A new trigger event ("Saw your Q2 earnings call - the comments on [specific metric] stood out")

Reactivation sequences typically get 40-60% of the reply rate of the original sequence.

Negative Personalization

Instead of complimenting the prospect, identify something their competitor does better:

• "Noticed [Competitor] just launched [feature] - curious whether that's on your roadmap."
• "[Competitor] has been dominating [keyword] in organic - are you seeing that in your traffic?"

This triggers competitive instinct. Use sparingly and only when the competitive dynamic is real and relevant.

---

Quick Reference

5-Minute Cold Email Audit

1. Is the subject line 2-5 words, lowercase? (Y/N)
2. Is the first line a specific observation, not a generic question? (Y/N)
3. Is the email under 100 words? (Y/N)
4. Is there exactly one CTA? (Y/N)
5. Is the CTA low-friction (not "book 30 min")? (Y/N)
6. Are there zero links, images, and attachments? (Y/N)
7. Does it pass a spam word check? (Y/N)

If any answer is "No," fix it before sending.

Sending Capacity Formula

Domains needed = (daily_volume / 150) * 1.5
Mailboxes = domains * 2
Max cold sends per mailbox = 25-30/day
Warmup period = 14-21 days before cold sends

Key Metrics to Track Weekly

• Open rate (target: 45%+)
• Reply rate (target: 5%+)
• Positive reply rate (target: 3%+)
• Bounce rate (target: <1%)
• Spam complaint rate (target: <0.1%)
• Meetings booked per week
• Cost per meeting
• Domain health scores

---

Questions to Ask

When the user asks about cold outreach, use these to clarify scope:

1. "What does your ICP look like? Specific titles, company sizes, industries?"
2. "What is your core offer and how validated is it?"
3. "What is your target volume? How many meetings per month do you need?"
4. "Do you have existing sending infrastructure or starting from scratch?"
5. "What enrichment and sending tools do you already use?"
6. "Have you tested any cold email copy that worked or failed?"
7. "Are you selling to SMB, mid-market, or enterprise?"
8. "What is your budget for tools and infrastructure?"
9. "Do you need to comply with GDPR, CAN-SPAM, or CASL?"
10. "Is this outbound-led or supplementing inbound?"

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Related Skills

• ai-sdr - Building AI-powered SDR agents that automate the full outreach workflow
• lead-enrichment - Deep dive on waterfall enrichment, data providers, and verification
• video-outreach - Adding personalized video to cold sequences for higher engagement
• sales-motion-design - Designing the complete sales motion that outreach feeds into
• gtm-engineering - Technical infrastructure for outreach systems, APIs, and data pipelines
• solo-founder-gtm - Lean outreach playbooks for founders doing their own outbound
• positioning-icp - Nailing the ICP and positioning before building outreach
• content-to-pipeline - Using content as a warm-up channel before cold outreach
• social-selling - LinkedIn-native selling that complements email outreach