Implements thread-safe data persistence in Swift using actors with in-memory cache and file storage to eliminate data races. For Swift 5.5+ offline-first apps handling shared mutable state.
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使用 Swift actor 构建线程安全数据持久化层的模式。该模式结合了内存缓存(In-memory caching)与基于文件的存储,利用 actor 模型(Actor model)在编译时消除数据竞争(Data races)。
使用 Swift actor 构建线程安全数据持久化层的模式。该模式结合了内存缓存(In-memory caching)与基于文件的存储,利用 actor 模型(Actor model)在编译时消除数据竞争(Data races)。
Actor 模型保证了序列化访问(Serialized access)—— 由编译器强制执行,确保不会出现数据竞争。
public actor LocalRepository<T: Codable & Identifiable> where T.ID == String {
private var cache: [String: T] = [:]
private let fileURL: URL
public init(directory: URL = .documentsDirectory, filename: String = "data.json") {
self.fileURL = directory.appendingPathComponent(filename)
// 在 init 期间同步加载(此时 actor 隔离尚未生效)
self.cache = Self.loadSynchronously(from: fileURL)
}
// MARK: - 公共 API
public func save(_ item: T) throws {
cache[item.id] = item
try persistToFile()
}
public func delete(_ id: String) throws {
cache[id] = nil
try persistToFile()
}
public func find(by id: String) -> T? {
cache[id]
}
public func loadAll() -> [T] {
Array(cache.values)
}
// MARK: - 私有方法
private func persistToFile() throws {
let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(Array(cache.values))
try data.write(to: fileURL, options: .atomic)
}
private static func loadSynchronously(from url: URL) -> [String: T] {
guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url),
let items = try? JSONDecoder().decode([T].self, from: data) else {
return [:]
}
return Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: items.map { ($0.id, $0) })
}
}
由于 actor 隔离(Actor isolation),所有调用都会自动变为异步:
let repository = LocalRepository<Question>()
// 读取 —— 从内存缓存中进行快速 O(1) 查找
let question = await repository.find(by: "q-001")
let allQuestions = await repository.loadAll()
// 写入 —— 原子化地更新缓存并持久化到文件
try await repository.save(newQuestion)
try await repository.delete("q-001")
@Observable
final class QuestionListViewModel {
private(set) var questions: [Question] = []
private let repository: LocalRepository<Question>
init(repository: LocalRepository<Question> = LocalRepository()) {
self.repository = repository
}
func load() async {
questions = await repository.loadAll()
}
func add(_ question: Question) async throws {
try await repository.save(question)
questions = await repository.loadAll()
}
}
| 决策 | 理由 |
|---|---|
| 使用 Actor (而非 class + lock) | 编译器强制执行线程安全,无需手动同步 |
| 内存缓存 + 文件持久化 | 缓存提供快速读取,磁盘提供持久化写入 |
| 在 init 中同步加载 | 避免异步初始化的复杂性,且对本地文件影响较小 |
| 以 ID 为键的字典 (Dictionary) | 通过标识符进行 O(1) 查找 |
泛型支持 Codable & Identifiable | 可在任何模型类型中复用 |
原子化文件写入 (.atomic) | 防止崩溃时出现部分写入导致的数据损坏 |
Sendable 类型.atomic 写入 以防止应用在写入过程中崩溃导致数据损坏init 中同步加载 —— 异步初始化会增加复杂性,而对本地文件的同步读取收益更高@Observable ViewModel 实现响应式 UI 更新DispatchQueue 或 NSLock 而非 actorawait 的 —— 调用者必须处理异步上下文nonisolated 绕过 actor 隔离(这违背了使用 actor 的初衷)DispatchQueue 的线程安全方案npx claudepluginhub xu-xiang/everything-claude-code-zhProvides a thread-safe data persistence layer in Swift 5.5+ using Actor model with in-memory cache and atomic file backup, eliminating data races at compile time.
Provides thread-safe data persistence in Swift using actors, combining in-memory caching with file-backed storage to eliminate data races at compile time.
Persist, query, and manage structured data in iOS apps using SwiftData with SwiftUI integration, @Model classes, @Attribute, @Relationship, #Predicate, FetchDescriptor, schema migrations, and CloudKit sync.