architect-mode

Architect Mode — opt-in discipline, orthogonal to the four loops

The Metaphor

The city planner before the first brick. The mason lays walls well — straight, plumb, mortar set. But the mason does not decide where the streets go, where the market belongs, which districts connect to the harbour. That is the city planner's work: constraints survey → exclusions map (non-goals) → three alternative plans on a load-bearing axis → scoring → chosen plan → initial scaffold that proves the plan can be built. Build without a plan and the city is a maze. LDD's reactive stack is the mason; architect-mode is the city planner — opt-in, five rigid phases, creativity as a choice of loss function not an amount of permissiveness.

Overview

In Gradient Descent for Agents, architect-mode is not a fifth loop — it is a separate invocation path that computes loss over the space of possible designs rather than over an existing artifact. The four-axis structure (code / output / method / thought) still applies after architect-mode closes: Phase 5 hands the failing tests to the inner loop (θ = code), the architecture doc becomes a candidate for refinement (y = output) later, and if three greenfield runs repeat the same rubric violation pattern, method-evolution evolves architect-mode itself (m = method).

LDD's default stack is reactive: it measures loss on existing code and drives a gradient-descent fix-loop. Architect mode inverts this — the loss is computed over the space of possible designs for a stated problem, not over an existing artifact. The agent's role shifts from pathologist to constructor.

Core principle: architecture is not invented freely. It is invented under explicit quality constraints and delivered with explicit non-goals. A "free-form design doc" produced without a rubric is exactly the moving-target loss that LDD rejects everywhere else — architect mode fences this in with a phased protocol and a rubric. The rubric's shape depends on the chosen creativity level (see below); the discipline itself is never optional.

This is an opt-in mode. LDD default treats the presence of code as the signal to iterate. When there is no code yet — or the existing code is scaffold-level and the user is asking "what should this system BE?" — the default mode would degrade into freewheeling. Architect mode replaces it for that one task.

The neural-code-network framing — creativity as loss-function choice

LDD's core framing (see ../../docs/ldd/convergence.md) treats every work session as gradient descent on code:

θ_{k+1} = θ_k  −  η · ∇L(θ_k)  +  regularizer(θ_k)

Architect-mode creativity levels are three discrete choices of L — not three amounts of optimization. The optimizer is the same; the objective changes. This framing matters because it prevents the "freedom dial" from being a moving-target: you don't tune continuously between levels, you commit to one objective per task.

Level	Loss function (informal)	Regularizer	Rubric shape
conservative	L = rubric_violations + λ · novelty_penalty	Novelty itself is a cost	Standard 10 items + team-familiarity weighted 2× in scoring; all 3 candidates must be battle-tested
standard (default)	L = rubric_violations	Contracts + layer boundaries	Standard 10 items as-is; 3 candidates on a load-bearing axis
inventive	L = rubric_violations_reduced + λ · prior_art_overlap_penalty	Novelty is rewarded, prior-art overlap is penalized — but an experiment-validation path is mandatory	Items 1–2 may be relaxed; items 5–8 replaced with invention-specific criteria (novelty, fallback path, validation experiment)

Consequences of this framing:

1. No "grade 7" or "grade 3.5" — the levels are discrete and named. Integers tempt tuning-until-it-feels-right, which is the exact drift pattern LDD fights.
2. Level-switch is task-scoped. You cannot drop from inventive to standard halfway through a task — that would mix two loss functions into one gradient, which is incoherent optimization. Start over if you need a different level.
3. Each level has its own Pass/Fail criteria. A conservative run that invents a new pattern fails rubric item #11 (novelty-penalty). An inventive run that produces a boring well-known design fails rubric item #I3 (differentiation from prior art). Levels are not ranked "less strict → more strict" — they're orthogonal objectives.
4. Default stays standard. conservative and inventive require explicit opt-in. inventive additionally requires a user acknowledgment (see below).

Creativity levels — detailed behavior

Level 1: conservative

When to pick it. Enterprise repos with strict "no new tech" policy. Team has shallow experience with unfamiliar patterns. Risk tolerance is near zero. Production ship is weeks away on a small team. Regulatory or on-call context makes convention-breaks expensive.

What it changes:

• Phase 2 non-goals must include ≥ 1 explicit "not a new pattern / language / framework" declaration
• Phase 3 candidates must all be patterns with ≥ 5 years of track record in the user's domain. Cosmetic variants are even more tightly rejected — all three differ on proven axes (monolith / modular-monolith / service-decomposition, not "novel CRDT variants")
• Phase 4 scoring weighting: team-familiarity dimension weighted 2×; evolution-paths weighted 0.5× (far-future optionality is deprioritized)
• Phase 5 scaffold must use the stack the user's codebase already uses (or explicitly names). Introducing a new language / framework / database fails the rubric
• Extra rubric item #11: novelty-penalty — any component scoring > 1 on an internal novelty scale (0 = existing in codebase, 1 = new-but-standard, 2 = new-for-team, 3+ = new-for-industry) triggers rubric violation. Target: zero components above 1

Level 2: standard (default)

When to pick it. Any architect-mode task without a specific reason for one of the other two levels. This IS the default architect behavior — the current 10-item rubric, 3 candidates on a load-bearing axis, dialectical pass on the winner, 9-section deliverable. No behavior change from the v0.3.0 architect-mode.

This level is the neutral objective — L = rubric_violations with no extra regularizer beyond LDD's baseline (contracts / layer boundaries / docs-as-DoD).

Level 3: inventive

When to pick it. Research contexts. Greenfield with no legacy constraint. Prototype / proof-of-concept. User explicitly wants a novel paradigm or pattern. Problem is one where known solutions demonstrably do not fit.

Requires explicit user acknowledgment before architecture work begins. The agent asks, exactly once:

creativity=inventive is opt-in for research-grade work. Confirming:

• Prior-art overlap is penalized in the objective; novelty is rewarded (if validation path is explicit)
• Rubric coverage items 1–2 (full constraint table, uncertainty naming) may be relaxed when the problem is under-specified by design
• Items 5–8 are replaced with invention-specific criteria (see below)
• Output is NOT production-ready by default. Deliverable is a research prototype + fallback-to-baseline path

Reply acknowledged to proceed. Otherwise the run downgrades to standard.

Without the literal acknowledgment, the agent silently downgrades to standard and announces the downgrade in the trace.

Fourth path — cached ack for autonomous runs (v0.13.x Fix 3). When no human is present (autonomous /loop, cron-scheduled remote agent, nightly pipeline) the literal-reply path cannot fire and would otherwise force silent inventive → standard degradation in every unattended inventive task. To avoid that dead-end, the agent checks the autonomy ack-cache:

./.ldd/ldd_trace ack check --family <task-family> --quiet

A valid grant (signed, non-expired, scope=inventive) activates inventive without a reply. An absent, expired, or tampered grant yields silent downgrade to standard — the same behavior as today. Users pre-grant via the /ldd-autonomy-ack grant slash command (short-TTL by default) for task families they want to permit unattended. The grant is HMAC-signed with a key at ~/.claude/ldd-acks/.key; on-disk tampering fails the next check.

This preserves the moving-target-loss guarantee — the USER is still the only authority that sets the loss function. The agent cannot create a grant on its own (the /ldd-autonomy-ack slash command requires user invocation). The trace header reflects the path that activated:

creativity=inventive (cached ack: family=<name>, ttl=<N>d)
creativity=standard (fallback: no valid ack in autonomous run)

What it changes on acknowledgment:

• Phase 2 non-goals may declare "not necessarily following existing industry patterns"; explicit "known unknowns" section replaces full uncertainty-naming
• Phase 3 candidates may be 2 instead of 3: one baseline (the standard-equivalent answer, serving as fallback) + one invention. A third candidate is optional, not required
• Phase 4 scoring new dimensions replacing items 5–8: differentiation from prior art (how new is this really?), experiment-validation path (how do we know it works before production?), failure-mode-acceptable (what breaks if the invention fails? what's the cost of the fallback?)
• Phase 5 deliverable scaffold may be a prototype (not production-grade code). Must include: a PRIOR_ART.md section listing what the design deliberately rejects and why; an EXPERIMENT.md validation plan; a pointer to the baseline fallback
• Rubric items #I1–#I3 replace items #5–#8: differentiation from prior art, validation-path explicit, fallback-to-baseline path named

Default target: 0 violations. But inventive explicitly tolerates known-unknowns in the constraint table — so rubric items 1 and 2 may score 1/1 and still not be failures if the "known unknowns" section is present and honest.

Level-switch prohibition

You cannot change creativity levels during a single architect task. The levels are three different objective functions; mixing them mid-gradient produces incoherent optimization.

If the user, mid-task, says "actually, switch to conservative", the agent responds:

Creativity level is task-scoped and cannot be changed mid-run — doing so would mix two loss functions into the same gradient descent. To run this task under a different level, acknowledge this run as aborted and re-submit the task with the new level.

Aborting and restarting is the only valid path. This is not about user friction; it is about preventing the exact moving-target-loss failure that the level-discretization was designed to prevent.

Project-level config restriction

.ldd/config.yaml may set creativity: conservative or creativity: standard as the project-wide default (for repos that are entirely one or the other). It may NOT set creativity: inventive — research-grade work must be a per-task acknowledgment, not a persistent default. If a config file contains creativity: inventive, the agent ignores it and logs a warning in the trace header.

When to use architect mode (any level)

Invoke when all of:

• The user is asking for structure / design / architecture for a system, module, or subsystem — not a fix, not a refinement, not a review
• The existing code is either absent (greenfield) or deliberately scoped out ("design as if the current stuff didn't exist")
• The output the user wants is a design artifact (architecture doc + initial scaffold + contracts), not a working end-to-end build

Signals that trigger this mode:

• LDD[level=L3]: or LDD[level=L4]: (optionally combined with LDD[creativity=<level>]:) — explicit level override
• /loss-driven-development:ldd-architect command (accepts optional creativity arg) — documented sugar for LDD[level=L3]:
• Phrases: "design", "architect", "from scratch", "greenfield", "how should I structure", "propose an architecture", "decompose this", "what's the right shape for X"
• Additional auto-trigger for inventive: "invent", "novel paradigm", "research", "experiment", "prototype a new" — the agent asks for acknowledgment per the inventive-level spec before proceeding
• Deprecated (v0.11.0, removed in v0.12.0): LDD[mode=architect]: is a silent alias for LDD[level=L3]:. mode is a pure function of level (L0–L2 ⇒ reactive, L3/L4 ⇒ architect) and is no longer a user-facing axis.

Do not use for:

• Bug fixes, feature additions to existing code → default LDD (inner loop)
• Refactor with preserved behavior → refactor.md task type (inner loop with step-size calibration)
• Polishing a finished design doc → iterative-refinement (y-axis)
• Evolving the LDD bundle itself → method-evolution (outer loop)

Auto-dispatch by the coding agent

The agent MAY enter the architect-mode protocol on its own — without an explicit LDD[level=L3]: flag, /ldd-architect command, or trigger-phrase match — when the task description carries enough structural signals that the thinking-level scorer buckets the task at L3 or L4. This covers the case where a user describes a greenfield design without using the dispatch vocabulary ("design", "architect", "greenfield"); the signals in the task shape itself are enough to warrant the 5-phase discipline.

Full scorer + creativity-inference table + precedence rule live in ../../skills/using-ldd/SKILL.md § Auto-dispatch: thinking-levels (and the deterministic implementation at ../../scripts/level_scorer.py). Summary here:

• Score ≥ 4 → L3, score ≥ 8 → L4 (weighted sum of 9 signals). At L3 and L4 the architect-mode 5-phase protocol is active automatically — there is no separate mode=architect axis to set, and no separate threshold. Dominant positive signals are greenfield (+3), ≥ 3 new components (+2), cross-layer scope (+2), ambiguous requirements (+2), layer-crossings (+2), contract/R-rule hit (+2). Negatives: explicit bug-fix (−5), single-file known-solution (−3). One small positive: unknown-file-territory (+1).
• Creativity is inferred from the same task signals: regulatory / no-new-tech / tight-team-deadline cues → conservative; research / novelty / experiment cues → inventive; neither → standard.
• Explicit user triggers always win (inline LDD[level=Lx]: flag > command > trigger phrase > auto-dispatch > bundle default). If the user wrote LDD[level=L2]: on a task with auto-score 6, the level stays L2 (reactive) and the architect-mode protocol does not run.
• The inventive acknowledgment flow is unchanged. Auto-dispatch can propose inventive, but without the literal acknowledged reply the run silently downgrades to standard. The scorer is allowed to nominate; the ack gate is not.

Mandatory trace echo when auto-dispatch fires

When the scorer buckets a task at L3 or L4, the agent MUST echo the single-line dispatch header before any work begins. The user gets to see and override the agent's judgment with one follow-up:

Dispatched: L3/structural · creativity=standard (signals: greenfield=+3, cross-layer=+2)

Without the echo, the user cannot distinguish "I asked for L3/L4" from "the agent chose L3/L4 on my behalf" — and the audit trail for the decision is lost. Silent auto-dispatch is a trace-integrity violation.

The auto case is implicit — no auto-level keyword. When the header carries user-explicit / user-bump / user-override-down in the parenthetical, the dispatch came from an inline flag / command / trigger phrase / natural-language bump. See ../../skills/using-ldd/SKILL.md § "Design-phase (L3/L4) variant of the trace block" for the full format.

The architect protocol

This is a rigid 5-phase protocol. Unlike the other skills which adapt, architect mode is prescriptive: when it runs, it runs in this order.

Phase 1 — Constraint extraction

Before producing any design, enumerate the constraints. For every stated requirement X_i, extract:

• Functional target: what behavior the system must produce
• Non-functional target: latency, throughput, cost, security, compliance, team-size-to-maintain
• Boundary: what the system owns vs. what it integrates with
• Uncertainty: what the user did NOT specify (and likely left to you)

Output: a constraint table. One row per constraint, three columns (requirement / target / source).

Rubric item 1 — covered: every stated requirement X_i appears in the table. Rubric item 2 — discipline: uncertainties are explicitly named, not silently filled in.

Phase 2 — Non-goals declaration

Before proposing any design, declare ≥ 3 things the architecture will NOT do. Non-goals bound scope and make future review/refinement tractable.

Good non-goals are concrete and fight scope creep:

• "Not multi-region replicated (single-region, DR is out of scope)"
• "Not a multi-tenant billing engine (single-tenant per deployment)"
• "Not backwards-compatible with the existing /v1/users endpoint (v2 is a new contract)"

Bad non-goals are empty:

• "Not perfect" (not actionable)
• "Not solving world hunger" (not adjacent to the task)

Rubric item 3: ≥ 3 concrete, adjacent non-goals stated before any design work.

Phase 3 — Three candidate designs

Generate exactly three candidate architectures that differ on a load-bearing axis — not three cosmetic variants. Examples of load-bearing axes:

• Monolithic vs. microservice vs. modular-monolith-with-cells
• Sync RPC vs. async event-driven vs. hybrid with outbox
• Single database vs. CQRS vs. multi-store with explicit sync
• Build vs. buy vs. wrap-a-library

Each candidate gets: a one-line name, a 3-5 sentence sketch, a named trade-off vector (where it wins, where it loses).

Rubric item 4: three candidates on a load-bearing axis; cosmetic variants (same architecture, different names) fail the rubric.

Phase 4 — Scoring + dialectical selection

Score each candidate against the constraints from Phase 1 plus a standard 6-dimension architectural rubric:

1. Requirements coverage (every constraint satisfied)
2. Boundary clarity (every layer/service boundary has a named contract)
3. Evolution paths (known future requirements have extension points)
4. Dependency explicitness (external systems/libraries named with version/contract)
5. Test strategy (how validation will happen before deploy)
6. Rollback plan (if deployment fails, recovery path)

Then apply dialectical-reasoning: for the top candidate, produce thesis (why it wins) → antithesis (what a hostile reviewer would attack) → synthesis (sharpened version, with the antithesis-forced refinements baked in).

Rubric item 5: scoring is explicit, not narrative. A table with 3 rows × 6 columns + a total. Rubric item 6: a real antithesis was run on the winning candidate. "It's obviously best" is not an antithesis.

Phase 5 — Deliverable: architecture doc + scaffold + contracts

The output is one commit containing:

1. docs/architecture.md (or equivalent) with sections:
   • Problem statement (quote the user's ask verbatim)
   • Constraint table (from Phase 1)
   • Non-goals (from Phase 2)
   • Candidates considered (Phase 3, with rejection rationale per loser)
   • Chosen design (Phase 4 winner with synthesis)
   • Scoring rubric with totals (Phase 4 table)
   • Integration contracts (every external boundary named)
   • Test strategy + rollback plan
2. Initial scaffold — directory structure + empty module files + one failing test per component that the real implementation must pass
3. Measurable success criteria — one metric per requirement, with target value

Rubric item 7: the architecture doc has all nine subsections (not handwaved). Rubric item 8: the scaffold compiles / imports cleanly (not pseudocode). Rubric item 9: at least one failing test per component exists, naming the expected behavior. Rubric item 10: every requirement has a named success metric with a numeric target.

The loss function in architect mode

loss_architect = Σ (rubric_item_violated_i)  over 10 items
Δloss_architect = how many violations the architecture-refinement closed

Target: 0/10. Real designs under pressure usually start at 3-5/10 after the first pass; iterative refinement (y-axis, using iterative-refinement) brings it down. Accept shipping at 1-2/10 only if each violation is explicitly acknowledged in a "known gaps" section.

Red flags — architect mode being abused

• "Let me just write a design doc" without going through Phases 1-4 → free-form invention, not architecture
• Only one candidate design considered → Phase 3 violation; real architecture is comparative
• Non-goals section missing or vague → scope-creep is guaranteed
• No scoring rubric, just narrative → rubric drift, moving-target loss on the design itself
• "Let me sketch this out and we'll formalize later" → deferred discipline = no discipline
• Antithesis done against a strawman (weak attack, easily defeated) → Phase 4 violation; rerun with a real attack

Anti-patterns

Pattern	Why wrong
Proposing the first architecture that comes to mind	No Phase 3; no comparison; likely biased by recent projects
Writing the architecture doc as prose only	No rubric scoring; no audit trail; the "did we consider X" question is unanswerable
Skipping non-goals ("we'll figure out scope as we go")	Scope creep becomes unbounded; refactor.md will fire in 3 months
Making the scaffold pseudocode	The scaffold IS the first gradient; pseudocode can't be measured
Treating architect mode as "LDD's smart mode"	It's one mode for one situation (greenfield). Default LDD remains reactive

Relation to the default stack

Architect mode is not a replacement for the other skills. When architect mode produces the deliverable:

• docs-as-definition-of-done enforces that the doc + scaffold + tests land in one commit
• dialectical-reasoning is used inside Phase 4 (not as a separate invocation)
• loss-backprop-lens applies to the candidate-scoring — a variant that wins by 1/10 is a marginal case; a variant that wins by 4/10 is decisive
• iterative-refinement applies to the architecture doc if the first pass has violations

The inner-loop skills (root-cause-by-layer, reproducibility-first, e2e-driven-iteration) do not apply until the scaffold becomes real code — that's when the inner loop resumes its default role.

Escalation when a phase cannot complete cleanly

Architect mode is rigid by design — but real tasks sometimes resist clean 5-phase execution. Explicit handling:

• Phase 1 — user gave too few constraints. Ask ONE clarifying question covering the biggest uncertainty. If still under-specified, proceed with the top 2 uncertainties explicitly named in the table as user to decide — do not invent answers.
• Phase 3 — cannot find 3 distinct candidates on a load-bearing axis. The problem space is already narrow. Acceptable degradation: 2 candidates with explicit "space is narrow because [reason]" note. Hard floor: never 1 candidate — if you cannot generate 2, reject the task and ask the user to loosen a constraint.
• Phase 4 — top two candidates score within 10% of each other. This is the signal that a hidden preference is needed from the user — surface the tie and ask which trade-off dimension they care most about. Do not silently break the tie on aesthetics.
• Phase 5 — architecture doc ships with N/10 rubric violations. Acknowledge each violation by name in a "Known architectural gaps" section at the top of the doc, each with a "how/when to close" note. Shipping at ≥3/10 violations is a failed architect-mode run — re-run.

Hand-off from architect mode to default mode

Phase 5 produces failing tests — those are the first loss_0 for the inner loop. The transition is explicit:

1. In the final trace block, emit a Hand-off line:

   │ Hand-off : architect-mode closed N/10 rubric; next: default LDD inner loop
   │            loss_0 = <count of failing tests from scaffold>
   

2. In the reply, say to the user one line: "architect-mode complete. To start implementation, say LDD: begin implementation or similar — I'll switch to reactive mode and run reproducibility-first + root-cause-by-layer against the first failing scaffold test."
3. Do not auto-resume. The user must explicitly trigger the next task. This prevents architect-mode from silently consuming K_MAX iterations of inner-loop budget on its own implementation.
4. If the user replies with a resume trigger, drop back to the scorer's default (typically L2/deliberate); all subsequent LDD flags revert to defaults unless overridden. The architect-mode 5-phase protocol is no longer active because the level is no longer L3/L4 — same outcome as if the user had explicitly said LDD[level=L2]:.

Compliance checklist

• Phase 1 constraint table present, every X_i covered
• Phase 2 non-goals ≥ 3, concrete, scope-bounding
• Phase 3 exactly three candidates on a load-bearing axis
• Phase 4 scoring table (candidates × 6 dimensions + total)
• Phase 4 dialectical pass on winner (thesis/antithesis/synthesis)
• Phase 5 architecture.md with all nine subsections
• Phase 5 scaffold compiles
• Phase 5 one failing test per component
• Phase 5 measurable success criteria per requirement
• All of above committed as ONE logical commit (code + tests + docs)

Real-world cue

If an architect-mode invocation closes with:

• Fewer than 3 candidates → Phase 3 violation, not a real comparison
• No non-goals section → Phase 2 violation, scope is unbounded
• Scaffold-only pseudocode with no failing tests → Phase 5 violation, first gradient missing

…then architect mode degenerated into "write me a design doc." The rubric exists to prevent this. Re-run under discipline or acknowledge the gaps in a "known architectural debts" section at the top of the doc.