cite-inline

Inline Citation Insertion

Overview

Takes a draft text and a source list, then inserts citation markers at the correct positions within the text. Does not change the writing — only adds markers.

Workflow

1. Confirm citation style — APA (Author, Year), IEEE [N], Chicago footnote, ДСТУ, or other (ask if not specified)
2. Receive inputs — ask user to provide: (a) the draft text, (b) the numbered or labeled source list
3. Map claims to sources — identify each factual claim, statistic, or borrowed idea that needs a citation
4. Insert markers — place markers immediately after the claim, before punctuation (APA/MLA/ДСТУ) or after punctuation (IEEE/Chicago footnote)
5. Flag gaps — mark sentences that make factual claims but have no matching source as [CITATION NEEDED]
6. Return — annotated text + a note listing any gaps found

Citation Marker Placement Rules

Style	Position	Example
APA 7th	Before period, after claim	…increased by 23% (Smith, 2021).
MLA 9th	Before period	…increased by 23% (Smith 45).
ДСТУ	After period or before it (per university rules)	…збільшився на 23% [5].
IEEE	After period	…increased by 23%. [3]
Chicago (footnote)	Superscript after punctuation	…increased by 23%.¹

What Gets a Citation

Needs citation	Does not need citation
Statistics, numbers, percentages	Common knowledge (Water boils at 100°C)
Direct quotes	Author's own original analysis
Paraphrased ideas from a source	Definitions from the paper's own framework
Claims about specific studies	General background widely established in the field

Ambiguous Cases

• One source covers multiple consecutive sentences — cite at the end of the last sentence, not each one
• Claim supported by multiple sources — insert all: (Smith, 2021; Jones, 2019)
• Whole paragraph from one source — cite at paragraph end; add a lead-in like "According to Smith (2021),"

Output Format

Return:

1. Full annotated text with markers inserted
2. List of [CITATION NEEDED] positions with the sentence text (so the user knows where to find more sources)

Ukrainian-Specific Notes (ДСТУ)

Case	ДСТУ Format
Single source	[3] — number in square brackets, no space before
With page number	[3, с. 45]
With page range	[3, с. 45–47]
Multiple sources	[1, 3, 5] or [1–3] for a range
Placement	Before the period: …зросли на 23% [5]. (most Ukrainian universities)
Multiple claims, one source	Cite once at the end of the last sentence, not after each claim

For ДСТУ, the reference list is numbered in order of appearance in the text OR alphabetically — check your university's requirements, as both variants exist.

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Fix
Rewriting sentences while inserting citations	Insert markers only; preserve every word of the original
Placing marker mid-sentence after subject	Marker goes at the end of the claim, not mid-thought
Adding citations to the author's own conclusions	Only cite borrowed information
Skipping [CITATION NEEDED] flags	Always flag uncited factual claims — don't silently leave them