hasura-test

hasura-test

Overview

Per hasura.io/docs/2.0/auth/authorization/quickstart/, Hasura permissions are configured per table, role, and operation (select / insert / update / delete), with row- filter expressions and column-level scopes.

The testable concerns are different from Apollo / Yoga:

• Permission rules are declarative; tests verify the rule produces the expected filter SQL.
• Roles + session variables drive everything; tests inject x-hasura-role + custom claims and assert the response shape.
• Metadata is the source of truth; tests apply a fixture metadata then run queries.

When to use

• Testing a Hasura-backed API where row-level isolation is the primary concern (composes with qa-multi-tenancy/cross-tenant-data-leak-tests).
• Verifying a new role's permission rules.
• PR review of hasura/metadata/ changes.
• Regression-testing role transitions (user becomes admin, etc.).

Authoring

Test instance setup

# docker-compose.test.yml
services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgrespassword

  hasura:
    image: hasura/graphql-engine:v2.42.0
    ports: ["8080:8080"]
    depends_on: [postgres]
    environment:
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL: postgres://postgres:postgrespassword@postgres:5432/postgres
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ADMIN_SECRET: test-secret
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DISABLE_INTROSPECTION_PUBLIC_API: "true"  # per introspection-attack-surface-reference
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLE_CONSOLE: "false"

docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d

Apply metadata for test

Per Hasura docs, the metadata API at /v1/metadata:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/v1/metadata \
  -H "x-hasura-admin-secret: test-secret" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d @hasura/metadata-fixture.json

metadata-fixture.json contains the declarative permission rules being tested.

Or via hasura CLI:

hasura migrate apply --endpoint http://localhost:8080 --admin-secret test-secret
hasura metadata apply --endpoint http://localhost:8080 --admin-secret test-secret

Test queries by role

Per hasura.io/docs/2.0/auth/authorization/quickstart/:

import httpx

ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8080/v1/graphql"

def test_user_sees_only_their_rows():
    resp = httpx.post(
        ENDPOINT,
        headers={
            "x-hasura-admin-secret": "test-secret",  # admin secret for role-override
            "x-hasura-role": "user",
            "x-hasura-user-id": "3",
        },
        json={"query": "{ user { id name } }"},
    )
    assert resp.status_code == 200
    rows = resp.json()["data"]["user"]
    assert all(r["id"] == 3 for r in rows)

def test_admin_sees_all_rows():
    resp = httpx.post(
        ENDPOINT,
        headers={
            "x-hasura-admin-secret": "test-secret",
            "x-hasura-role": "admin",
        },
        json={"query": "{ user { id name } }"},
    )
    rows = resp.json()["data"]["user"]
    assert len(rows) > 1

The pattern: admin secret + x-hasura-role override lets tests act as any role without going through the production auth service (Auth0, Cognito, custom JWT).

Per-role × per-table × per-operation matrix

For a thorough audit, generate the matrix:

ROLES = ["anonymous", "user", "premium_user", "admin"]
TABLES = ["users", "documents", "audit_log"]
OPERATIONS = ["select", "insert", "update", "delete"]

@pytest.mark.parametrize("role", ROLES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("table", TABLES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", OPERATIONS)
def test_permission_matrix(role, table, op):
    expected = load_expected_matrix()[(role, table, op)]
    actual = try_operation(role, table, op)
    assert actual == expected, f"Role {role} {op} on {table}: expected {expected}, got {actual}"

Permission matrix should be checked in as a fixture, reviewed on PR.

Running

docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d
hasura metadata apply --endpoint http://localhost:8080 --admin-secret test-secret
pytest tests/hasura/
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down -v

Parsing results

Hasura returns standard GraphQL response format:

{
  "data": { "user": [{"id": 3, "name": "alice"}] },
  "errors": [{"message": "user.id: permission has failed", "extensions": {"code": "permission-error"}}]
}

Permission failures use extensions.code = "permission-error". Assertion patterns:

def test_user_cannot_update_other_users_row():
    resp = httpx.post(ENDPOINT, headers={
        "x-hasura-admin-secret": "test-secret",
        "x-hasura-role": "user",
        "x-hasura-user-id": "3",
    }, json={
        "query": "mutation { update_user_by_pk(pk_columns: {id: 4}, _set: {name: \"hacked\"}) { id } }"
    })
    body = resp.json()
    # Either errors out OR returns affected_rows: 0 depending on permission setup
    if "errors" in body:
        assert any(
            "permission" in e["extensions"].get("code", "")
            for e in body["errors"]
        )
    else:
        assert body["data"]["update_user_by_pk"] is None  # row was filtered out

CI integration

jobs:
  hasura-permission-matrix:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres:16
        env: { POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres }
        ports: [5432]
      hasura:
        image: hasura/graphql-engine:v2.42.0
        env:
          HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL: postgres://postgres:postgres@postgres:5432/postgres
          HASURA_GRAPHQL_ADMIN_SECRET: ci-secret
          HASURA_GRAPHQL_DISABLE_INTROSPECTION_PUBLIC_API: "true"
        ports: [8080]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - run: |
          npm install -g hasura-cli
          hasura migrate apply --endpoint http://localhost:8080 --admin-secret ci-secret
          hasura metadata apply --endpoint http://localhost:8080 --admin-secret ci-secret
      - run: pytest tests/hasura/ --tb=short

Anti-patterns

Anti-pattern	Why it fails	Fix
Tests run against shared Hasura instance	Permission changes leak between tests	Per-test or per-suite ephemeral DB + metadata reset
Skipping HASURA_GRAPHQL_DISABLE_INTROSPECTION_PUBLIC_API in CI	Production-config drift; introspection assertions don't hold	Set in test docker-compose
Permission tests using admin secret without x-hasura-role override	Tests run as admin → bypass all permissions	Always add x-hasura-role
Hardcoded user IDs across tests	One test mutates user 3 → next test stale	Per-test user seeding
Skipping insert / update / delete tests	Permission rules differ per operation	Cover the full matrix
Not testing JWT path	Admin-secret-override bypasses production auth flow	One smoke test using real JWT against HASURA_GRAPHQL_JWT_SECRET config
Permission matrix in code only	PR reviewers can't see what changes	Matrix as a checked-in YAML / JSON fixture
Tests don't reset metadata between suites	Migration drift between test runs	hasura metadata clear + reapply in setup

Limitations

• Doesn't test the auth service. Hasura accepts JWT / webhook / admin-secret claims; verifying the auth-service issues correct claims is separate.
• Permission rules are SQL-translated. Some rules that look right in metadata may produce slow SQL; performance is a separate test concern (use EXPLAIN queries via Hasura's introspection - admin-only).
• Action / Remote-schema testing. Hasura's Actions and Remote Schemas delegate to other services; this skill tests the Hasura → upstream contract, not the upstream itself.
• Subscription testing requires a long-running connection. Hasura subscriptions use server-sent updates over HTTP/WS; pytest async patterns needed.
• Event-trigger testing. Hasura's webhook event triggers fire on data changes; test via the Webhook receiver, not Hasura itself.

References

• Hasura authorization quickstart: hasura.io/docs/2.0/auth/authorization/quickstart/.
• Hasura metadata API: hasura.io/docs/2.0/api-reference/metadata-api/index/.
• Introspection control: introspection-attack-surface-reference.
• Cross-plugin (tenant isolation): qa-multi-tenancy/cross-tenant-data-leak-tests, qa-multi-tenancy/row-level-security-postgres-reference.
• Sibling frameworks: apollo-server-test, graphql-yoga-test, mercurius-test, pothos-builder-tests.