gdpr-compliance

GDPR Compliance Planning

Comprehensive guidance for General Data Protection Regulation compliance before development begins.

When to Use This Skill

• Planning systems that process EU residents' personal data
• Designing consent management and preference centers
• Implementing data subject rights (access, erasure, portability)
• Conducting Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA)
• Defining data processing agreements and controller/processor relationships

GDPR Fundamentals

The 7 Principles

Principle	Description	Implementation Focus
Lawfulness, Fairness, Transparency	Valid legal basis, fair processing, clear privacy notices	Consent flows, privacy policies
Purpose Limitation	Collect for specified, explicit purposes	Purpose tracking, use restriction
Data Minimization	Adequate, relevant, limited to purpose	Field-level justification
Accuracy	Keep data accurate and up to date	Update mechanisms, verification
Storage Limitation	Keep only as long as necessary	Retention policies, auto-deletion
Integrity and Confidentiality	Appropriate security measures	Encryption, access control
Accountability	Demonstrate compliance	Audit logs, documentation

Lawful Bases for Processing

1. Consent - Freely given, specific, informed, unambiguous
2. Contract - Necessary for contract performance
3. Legal Obligation - Required by law
4. Vital Interests - Protect someone's life
5. Public Task - Official authority/public interest
6. Legitimate Interest - Balanced against data subject rights

Legitimate Interest Assessment (LIA):

1. Purpose test: Is there a legitimate interest?
2. Necessity test: Is processing necessary for that interest?
3. Balancing test: Do subject's interests override?

Data Subject Rights Implementation

Rights Checklist

Right	Description	Response Time	Implementation
Access	Copy of personal data	1 month	Export endpoint
Rectification	Correct inaccurate data	1 month	Update endpoint
Erasure ("Right to be Forgotten")	Delete personal data	1 month	Deletion pipeline
Restrict Processing	Limit use of data	1 month	Processing flags
Data Portability	Machine-readable export	1 month	JSON/CSV export
Object	Stop processing	Without undue delay	Opt-out mechanism
Automated Decision-Making	Human review of decisions	Varies	Review queue

.NET Implementation Patterns

// Data Subject Request Handling
public interface IDataSubjectRequestHandler
{
    Task<DataExport> HandleAccessRequest(Guid subjectId, CancellationToken ct);
    Task HandleErasureRequest(Guid subjectId, ErasureScope scope, CancellationToken ct);
    Task<PortableData> HandlePortabilityRequest(Guid subjectId, string format, CancellationToken ct);
}

public class DataSubjectRequestService : IDataSubjectRequestHandler
{
    private readonly IPersonalDataLocator _dataLocator;
    private readonly IAuditLogger _auditLogger;
    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;

    public async Task<DataExport> HandleAccessRequest(Guid subjectId, CancellationToken ct)
    {
        await _auditLogger.LogRequestReceived(subjectId, "Access", _timeProvider.GetUtcNow());

        var locations = await _dataLocator.LocateAllPersonalData(subjectId, ct);
        var export = new DataExport
        {
            SubjectId = subjectId,
            GeneratedAt = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow(),
            Categories = new List<DataCategory>()
        };

        foreach (var location in locations)
        {
            var data = await location.ExtractData(ct);
            export.Categories.Add(new DataCategory
            {
                Name = location.CategoryName,
                Purpose = location.ProcessingPurpose,
                LawfulBasis = location.LawfulBasis,
                RetentionPeriod = location.RetentionPolicy,
                Data = data
            });
        }

        await _auditLogger.LogRequestCompleted(subjectId, "Access", _timeProvider.GetUtcNow());
        return export;
    }

    public async Task HandleErasureRequest(Guid subjectId, ErasureScope scope, CancellationToken ct)
    {
        // Check for legal holds or retention requirements
        var blocks = await CheckErasureBlocks(subjectId, ct);
        if (blocks.Any())
        {
            throw new ErasureBlockedException(blocks);
        }

        var locations = await _dataLocator.LocateAllPersonalData(subjectId, ct);

        foreach (var location in locations)
        {
            if (scope.IncludesCategory(location.CategoryName))
            {
                // Soft delete with scheduled hard delete
                await location.MarkForDeletion(_timeProvider.GetUtcNow().AddDays(30), ct);
            }
        }

        await _auditLogger.LogErasureInitiated(subjectId, scope, _timeProvider.GetUtcNow());
    }
}

Consent Management

// Consent tracking with granular purposes
public class ConsentRecord
{
    public Guid SubjectId { get; init; }
    public string Purpose { get; init; } = string.Empty;
    public bool IsGranted { get; init; }
    public DateTimeOffset Timestamp { get; init; }
    public string ConsentMechanism { get; init; } = string.Empty; // e.g., "WebForm", "API"
    public string ConsentVersion { get; init; } = string.Empty; // Version of consent text
    public string? WithdrawalTimestamp { get; set; }
}

public interface IConsentManager
{
    Task RecordConsent(ConsentRecord consent, CancellationToken ct);
    Task WithdrawConsent(Guid subjectId, string purpose, CancellationToken ct);
    Task<bool> HasValidConsent(Guid subjectId, string purpose, CancellationToken ct);
    Task<IReadOnlyList<ConsentRecord>> GetConsentHistory(Guid subjectId, CancellationToken ct);
}

public class GdprConsentManager : IConsentManager
{
    private readonly IConsentRepository _repository;
    private readonly IEventPublisher _events;

    public async Task<bool> HasValidConsent(Guid subjectId, string purpose, CancellationToken ct)
    {
        var latest = await _repository.GetLatestConsent(subjectId, purpose, ct);

        if (latest is null)
            return false;

        if (latest.WithdrawalTimestamp is not null)
            return false;

        // Check if consent version is still current
        var currentVersion = await _repository.GetCurrentConsentVersion(purpose, ct);
        if (latest.ConsentVersion != currentVersion)
        {
            // Consent was given under old terms - needs re-consent
            return false;
        }

        return latest.IsGranted;
    }
}

Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)

When DPIA is Required

DPIA is mandatory when processing is likely to result in high risk:

• Systematic and extensive profiling with significant effects
• Large-scale processing of special category data
• Systematic monitoring of public areas
• New technologies with unknown privacy impact
• Automated decision-making with legal/similar effects
• Large-scale processing of children's data

DPIA Template Structure

## 1. Description of Processing
- Nature: What will you do with the data?
- Scope: How much data, how many subjects, geographic area?
- Context: Internal/external factors affecting expectations?
- Purpose: What are you trying to achieve?

## 2. Necessity and Proportionality
- Lawful basis and justification
- Purpose limitation assessment
- Data minimization measures
- Data quality approach
- Storage limitation policy

## 3. Risk Assessment

### Risks to Individuals
| Risk | Likelihood | Severity | Score | Mitigation |
|------|------------|----------|-------|------------|
| Unauthorized access | Medium | High | 6 | Encryption, MFA |
| Data breach | Low | Critical | 4 | Monitoring, IR plan |
| Inaccurate profiling | Medium | Medium | 4 | Human review |

### Residual Risk
[After mitigations applied]

## 4. Consultation
- DPO advice obtained: [Date]
- Supervisory authority consulted: [If required]
- Data subject views considered: [How]

## 5. Sign-Off
| Role | Name | Approval | Date |
|------|------|----------|------|
| Project Owner | | [ ] | |
| DPO | | [ ] | |
| CISO | | [ ] | |

Risk Scoring Matrix

         SEVERITY
         Low(1)  Medium(2)  High(3)  Critical(4)
L   High(4)    4      8         12       16
I   Med(3)     3      6          9       12
K   Low(2)     2      4          6        8
E   V.Low(1)   1      2          3        4

Thresholds:

• 1-4: Acceptable risk
• 5-8: Mitigations required
• 9-12: Senior approval required
• 13+: Consult supervisory authority

Privacy by Design Checklist

Architecture Phase

• Data flows documented with personal data highlighted
• Purpose for each data element defined
• Lawful basis identified per purpose
• Retention periods defined per category
• Access control requirements specified
• Encryption requirements defined
• Pseudonymization opportunities identified

Development Phase

• Consent collection implemented correctly
• Data subject rights endpoints created
• Audit logging captures processing activities
• Data retention automation implemented
• Encryption at rest and in transit
• Input validation prevents excess collection
• Error messages don't leak personal data

Testing Phase

• Consent flows tested (grant, withdraw, re-consent)
• All DSR endpoints functional
• Retention automation verified
• Access controls tested
• Audit logs complete and accurate
• Penetration testing for data exposure

Record of Processing Activities (ROPA)

Article 30 Requirements

Controllers must maintain records of:

Processing Activity: Customer Account Management
Controller: [Organization Name]
DPO Contact: [email protected]
Purposes:
  - Account authentication
  - Order fulfillment
  - Customer support
Categories of Data Subjects:
  - Customers
  - Prospective customers
Categories of Personal Data:
  - Name, email, phone
  - Address
  - Order history
  - Payment tokens (not card numbers)
Recipients:
  - Payment processor (Stripe)
  - Shipping provider (FedEx)
  - Customer support platform (Zendesk)
International Transfers:
  - Stripe Inc. (US) - SCCs
  - None to third countries without safeguards
Retention:
  - Active account: Duration of relationship
  - Closed account: 7 years (legal requirement)
Security Measures:
  - TLS 1.3 in transit
  - AES-256 at rest
  - Role-based access control
  - Regular access reviews

International Data Transfers

Transfer Mechanisms Post-Schrems II

Mechanism	Use Case	Requirements
Adequacy Decision	EU-approved countries	None additional
Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs)	Most common	TIA required
Binding Corporate Rules	Intra-group transfers	Supervisory approval
Derogations (Art. 49)	Occasional transfers	Limited scope

Transfer Impact Assessment (TIA)

## Transfer Impact Assessment

### 1. Transfer Details
- Exporter: [EU entity]
- Importer: [Third country entity]
- Countries: [List]
- Data types: [Categories]
- Transfer mechanism: [SCCs/BCRs/etc.]

### 2. Third Country Assessment
- Laws requiring disclosure to authorities
- Surveillance legislation
- Rule of law / judicial independence
- Practical access by authorities

### 3. Supplementary Measures
- Technical: [Encryption, pseudonymization]
- Contractual: [Additional clauses]
- Organizational: [Policies, training]

### 4. Conclusion
- Risk level: [Acceptable/Requires mitigation/Unacceptable]
- Decision: [Proceed/Modify/Suspend]

Cross-References

• CCPA/CPRA: See similar concepts (disclosure, deletion, opt-out)
• AI Governance: ai-governance skill for AI-specific requirements
• Security Frameworks: security-frameworks for technical controls
• Data Classification: data-classification for sensitivity levels

Resources

• GDPR Full Text
• EDPB Guidelines
• ICO GDPR Guidance