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Modern Go idioms (1.22–1.26). Use when writing or reviewing Go code. Trigger when you see outdated patterns like `interface{}`, `wg.Add(1)`, `sync.Once`, manual loops that `slices`/`maps` can replace, `errors.As` instead of `errors.AsType`, `context.Background()` in tests, or any pre-1.22 Go pattern.
How this skill is triggered — by the user, by Claude, or both
Slash command
/go-backend-skills:modern-goThe summary Claude sees in its skill listing — used to decide when to auto-load this skill
Use modern idioms. Never use outdated patterns when a modern alternative exists.
Use modern idioms. Never use outdated patterns when a modern alternative exists.
| Instead of | Use |
|---|---|
fmt.Sprintf for simple string appends | + concat or strings.Join; strings.Builder (with Grow) for loops |
interface{} | any |
err == target | errors.Is(err, target) |
var tErr *MyError; errors.As(err, &tErr) | tErr, ok := errors.AsType[*MyError](err) |
| multiple returns for combined error | errors.Join(err1, err2) |
fmt.Errorf("…: %s", err) | fmt.Errorf("…: %w", err) (wrap with %w) |
time.Now().Sub(start) | time.Since(start) |
deadline.Sub(time.Now()) | time.Until(deadline) |
[]byte(fmt.Sprintf(…)) | fmt.Appendf(buf, …) |
strings.Index + slice | strings.Cut / CutPrefix / CutSuffix |
strings.Clone for copies | strings.Clone(s) / bytes.Clone(b) |
| manual loop to find/sort/filter | slices.* (Contains, Index, IndexFunc, SortFunc, Sort, Compact, Clip, Clone, Reverse, Min, Max) |
| manual map iteration to clone | maps.Clone(m), maps.Copy(dst, src), maps.DeleteFunc |
for k := range m { keys = append(…) } | slices.Collect(maps.Keys(m)) or slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(m)) |
| if/else for first non-zero | cmp.Or(a, b, "default") |
| if/else for min/max of two values | min(a, b) / max(a, b) (builtins) |
| manual loop to delete map entries / zero slice elements | clear(m) deletes all map entries, clear(s) zeros slice elements |
for i := 0; i < n; i++ | for i := range n |
| loop var capture workaround | not needed — loop vars are per-iteration since 1.22 |
sync.Once + wrapper | sync.OnceFunc / sync.OnceValue |
wg.Add(1) + go func(){ defer wg.Done(); … }() | wg.Go(func(){ … }) |
atomic.StoreInt32 / atomic.LoadInt32 | atomic.Bool / atomic.Int64 / atomic.Pointer[T] |
context.WithCancel(context.Background()) in tests | t.Context() |
context.WithCancel + separate error variable | context.WithCancelCause — use cancel(err) then context.Cause(ctx) |
go func(){ <-ctx.Done(); cleanup() }() | stop := context.AfterFunc(ctx, cleanup) — runs on cancel |
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ in benchmarks | for b.Loop() |
strings.Split in for range | strings.SplitSeq / strings.FieldsSeq (also bytes.*Seq) |
omitempty for Duration/Time/struct/slice/map | omitzero |
reflect.TypeOf((*T)(nil)).Elem() | reflect.TypeFor[T]() |
http.DefaultClient (no timeout) | Inject *http.Client with explicit Timeout via constructor |
http.ServeMux without methods | mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/{id}", h) + r.PathValue("id") |
time.NewTicker when Tick suffices | time.Tick — GC-safe since 1.23 |
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