generating-tests-from-openapi

Generating k6 Tests from OpenAPI

Generate k6 load test scripts by parsing OpenAPI specification files (YAML format). Extracts endpoints, parameters, request bodies, and security schemes to create comprehensive test suites.

Workflow

Step 1: Parse OpenAPI Spec

Read the OpenAPI YAML file and extract:

• API info (title, version, base URL)
• All paths and operations
• Request parameters, bodies, and response schemas
• Security definitions and requirements

Step 2: Security Scheme Analysis (Prerequisite)

Before generating test scripts, analyze security requirements.

1. Extract security definitions from components.securitySchemes:

   • OAuth2 flows (authorization_code, client_credentials, password)
   • API Key (header, query, cookie)
   • HTTP Bearer / Basic Auth
   • OpenID Connect

2. Map per-endpoint security:

   • Check global security array
   • Check per-operation security overrides
   • Identify public endpoints (empty security array security: [])

3. Generate k6 auth setup:

   • Create setup() function matching the required auth flow
   • Configure token/key handling for requests

See reference/openapi-auth-mapping.md for mapping security schemes to k6 code.

Step 3: Endpoint Extraction

For each path and operation, extract:

paths:
  /users:
    get:                          # HTTP method
      operationId: listUsers      # Operation identifier
      tags: [Users]               # Grouping
      parameters:                 # Query/header/path params
        - name: page
          in: query
          schema:
            type: integer
      security:                   # Per-operation security
        - bearerAuth: []
      responses:
        '200':
          description: Success

Map to k6:

• Path + method → HTTP request
• Parameters → URL params, query string, headers
• Request body → http.post() body
• Tags → k6 groups
• Security → Auth headers

Step 4: Generate Request Bodies

Convert schema definitions to example values:

Schema Type	Example Value
string	"test-string"
string (email)	"[email protected]"
string (date-time)	"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
string (uuid)	"550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
integer	1
number	1.0
boolean	true
array	[<item_example>]
object	{<property_examples>}
enum	First enum value

Use example or default values from the spec when available.

See reference/openapi-parsing.md for detailed parsing logic.

Step 5: Script Generation

Organize the generated script by API tags:

import http from 'k6/http';
import { check, group, sleep } from 'k6';

const BASE_URL = __ENV.BASE_URL || 'https://api.example.com';

export const options = {
  scenarios: {
    api_test: {
      executor: 'ramping-vus',
      startVUs: 0,
      stages: [
        { duration: '2m', target: 10 },
        { duration: '5m', target: 10 },
        { duration: '1m', target: 0 },
      ],
    },
  },
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
    http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
  },
};

export function setup() {
  // Auth flow based on security scheme
}

export default function (data) {
  const headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': `Bearer ${data.token}`,
  };

  group('Users', () => {
    // GET /users
    const listRes = http.get(`${BASE_URL}/users?page=1&limit=10`, {
      headers, tags: { name: 'ListUsers' },
    });
    check(listRes, { 'list users 200': (r) => r.status === 200 });

    // POST /users
    const createRes = http.post(`${BASE_URL}/users`,
      JSON.stringify({ name: 'Test User', email: '[email protected]' }),
      { headers, tags: { name: 'CreateUser' } }
    );
    check(createRes, { 'create user 201': (r) => r.status === 201 });

    // GET /users/{id}
    const userId = createRes.json('id') || 1;
    const getRes = http.get(`${BASE_URL}/users/${userId}`, {
      headers, tags: { name: 'GetUser' },
    });
    check(getRes, { 'get user 200': (r) => r.status === 200 });
  });

  sleep(1);
}

Step 6: Configure Scenarios

Based on endpoint characteristics:

• Read-heavy endpoints (GET list) → Higher rate
• Write endpoints (POST, PUT) → Lower rate
• Admin endpoints → Separate scenario or excluded
• Public endpoints → No auth scenario

OpenAPI Spec Quick Reference

openapi: '3.1.0'
info:
  title: My API
  version: '1.0.0'
servers:
  - url: https://api.example.com/v1
security:
  - bearerAuth: []               # Global security
components:
  securitySchemes:
    bearerAuth:
      type: http
      scheme: bearer
    apiKey:
      type: apiKey
      in: header
      name: X-API-Key
  schemas:
    User:
      type: object
      required: [name, email]
      properties:
        id:
          type: integer
        name:
          type: string
        email:
          type: string
          format: email
paths:
  /users:
    get:
      tags: [Users]
      parameters:
        - name: page
          in: query
          schema: { type: integer, default: 1 }
      responses:
        '200':
          description: User list
    post:
      tags: [Users]
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
      responses:
        '201':
          description: Created
  /users/{id}:
    get:
      tags: [Users]
      parameters:
        - name: id
          in: path
          required: true
          schema: { type: integer }
      responses:
        '200':
          description: User details

Related Skills

• For HTTP/gRPC/WebSocket API patterns: /k6:generating-api-load-tests
• For scenario and threshold design: /k6:designing-test-scenarios
• For code-based test generation: /k6:generating-tests-from-code