building-ioc-enrichment-pipeline-with-opencti

使用 OpenCTI 构建 IOC 富化流水线

概述

OpenCTI 是一个以 STIX 2.1 为原生数据模型的开源网络威胁情报知识管理平台。本技能涵盖使用 OpenCTI 连接器生态系统构建自动化 IOC 富化流水线，通过 VirusTotal、Shodan、AbuseIPDB、GreyNoise 等来源对指标进行富化。该流水线自动对新摄入的指标进行富化，将其与已知威胁行为者和攻击活动关联，并为分析师优先排序进行评分。

前置条件

• 用于部署 OpenCTI 的 Docker 和 Docker Compose
• Python 3.9+，安装 pycti 库
• 富化服务 API 密钥：VirusTotal、Shodan、AbuseIPDB、GreyNoise
• 了解 STIX 2.1 数据模型和关系
• OpenCTI 后端需要 ElasticSearch 或 OpenSearch
• 连接器消息队列需要 RabbitMQ 或 Redis

核心概念

OpenCTI 架构

OpenCTI 使用 GraphQL API 前端，以 ElasticSearch 作为存储后端，以 Redis/RabbitMQ 用于连接器通信。数据以 STIX 2.1 对象和关系的形式原生存储。连接器分为以下类别：外部导入（推送摄取）、内部导入（文件解析）、内部富化（上下文添加）和流式处理（实时导出）。

富化连接器模型

内部富化连接器在创建新可观测对象时自动触发，或由分析师手动触发。每个连接器接收 STIX 对象、查询外部服务，并返回 STIX 2.1 bundle，以附加的上下文、标签和关系扩充原始可观测对象。

置信度评分

OpenCTI 对指标使用 0-100 置信度等级。富化连接器可根据外部验证更新置信度分数：VirusTotal 检测率、Shodan 暴露数据、AbuseIPDB 报告数量和 GreyNoise 分类结果。

实践步骤

步骤 1：使用 Docker Compose 部署 OpenCTI

# docker-compose.yml（核心服务）
version: '3'
services:
  opencti:
    image: opencti/platform:6.4.4
    environment:
      - APP__PORT=8080
      - [email protected]
      - APP__ADMIN__PASSWORD=ChangeMeNow
      - APP__ADMIN__TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
      - ELASTICSEARCH__URL=http://elasticsearch:9200
      - MINIO__ENDPOINT=minio
      - RABBITMQ__HOSTNAME=rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
      - minio
      - rabbitmq
      - redis

  connector-virustotal:
    image: opencti/connector-virustotal:6.4.4
    environment:
      - OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
      - OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
      - CONNECTOR_ID=connector-virustotal-id
      - CONNECTOR_NAME=VirusTotal
      - CONNECTOR_SCOPE=StixFile,Artifact,IPv4-Addr,Domain-Name,Url
      - CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
      - VIRUSTOTAL_TOKEN=your-vt-api-key
      - VIRUSTOTAL_MAX_TLP=TLP:AMBER

  connector-shodan:
    image: opencti/connector-shodan:6.4.4
    environment:
      - OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
      - OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
      - CONNECTOR_ID=connector-shodan-id
      - CONNECTOR_NAME=Shodan
      - CONNECTOR_SCOPE=IPv4-Addr
      - CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
      - SHODAN_TOKEN=your-shodan-api-key
      - SHODAN_MAX_TLP=TLP:AMBER

  connector-abuseipdb:
    image: opencti/connector-abuseipdb:6.4.4
    environment:
      - OPENCTI_URL=http://opencti:8080
      - OPENCTI_TOKEN=your-admin-token-uuid
      - CONNECTOR_ID=connector-abuseipdb-id
      - CONNECTOR_NAME=AbuseIPDB
      - CONNECTOR_SCOPE=IPv4-Addr
      - CONNECTOR_AUTO=true
      - ABUSEIPDB_API_KEY=your-abuseipdb-key

步骤 2：构建自定义富化连接器

import os
from pycti import OpenCTIConnectorHelper, get_config_variable
from stix2 import (
    Bundle, Indicator, Note, Relationship,
    IPv4Address, DomainName
)
import requests


class CustomEnrichmentConnector:
    def __init__(self):
        config = {
            "opencti": {
                "url": os.environ.get("OPENCTI_URL"),
                "token": os.environ.get("OPENCTI_TOKEN"),
            },
            "connector": {
                "id": os.environ.get("CONNECTOR_ID"),
                "name": "CustomEnrichment",
                "scope": "IPv4-Addr,Domain-Name,Url",
                "auto": True,
                "type": "INTERNAL_ENRICHMENT",
            },
        }
        self.helper = OpenCTIConnectorHelper(config)
        self.helper.listen(self._process_message)

    def _process_message(self, data):
        entity_id = data["entity_id"]
        stix_object = self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.read(id=entity_id)

        if not stix_object:
            return "未找到可观测对象"

        observable_type = stix_object["entity_type"]
        observable_value = stix_object.get("value", "")

        enrichment_results = []

        if observable_type == "IPv4-Addr":
            enrichment_results = self._enrich_ip(observable_value, entity_id)
        elif observable_type == "Domain-Name":
            enrichment_results = self._enrich_domain(observable_value, entity_id)

        if enrichment_results:
            bundle = Bundle(objects=enrichment_results, allow_custom=True)
            self.helper.send_stix2_bundle(bundle.serialize())

        return "富化完成"

    def _enrich_ip(self, ip_address, entity_id):
        """使用 GreyNoise、AbuseIPDB 上下文富化 IP 地址。"""
        objects = []

        # GreyNoise Community API
        try:
            gn_response = requests.get(
                f"https://api.greynoise.io/v3/community/{ip_address}",
                headers={"key": os.environ.get("GREYNOISE_API_KEY")},
                timeout=30,
            )
            if gn_response.status_code == 200:
                gn_data = gn_response.json()
                classification = gn_data.get("classification", "unknown")
                noise = gn_data.get("noise", False)
                riot = gn_data.get("riot", False)

                note_content = (
                    f"## GreyNoise 富化\n"
                    f"- 分类: {classification}\n"
                    f"- 互联网噪声: {noise}\n"
                    f"- RIOT（良性服务）: {riot}\n"
                    f"- 名称: {gn_data.get('name', 'N/A')}\n"
                    f"- 最后发现: {gn_data.get('last_seen', 'N/A')}"
                )

                note = Note(
                    content=note_content,
                    object_refs=[entity_id],
                    abstract=f"GreyNoise: {classification}",
                    allow_custom=True,
                )
                objects.append(note)

                # 根据分类添加标签
                if classification == "malicious":
                    self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.add_label(
                        id=entity_id, label_name="greynoise:malicious"
                    )
                elif riot:
                    self.helper.api.stix_cyber_observable.add_label(
                        id=entity_id, label_name="greynoise:benign-service"
                    )

        except Exception as e:
            self.helper.log_error(f"GreyNoise 富化失败: {e}")

        return objects

    def _enrich_domain(self, domain, entity_id):
        """使用 WHOIS 和 DNS 上下文富化域名。"""
        objects = []

        try:
            # 使用 SecurityTrails API 进行域名富化
            st_response = requests.get(
                f"https://api.securitytrails.com/v1/domain/{domain}",
                headers={"APIKEY": os.environ.get("SECURITYTRAILS_API_KEY")},
                timeout=30,
            )
            if st_response.status_code == 200:
                st_data = st_response.json()
                current_dns = st_data.get("current_dns", {})

                a_records = [
                    r.get("ip") for r in current_dns.get("a", {}).get("values", [])
                ]

                note_content = (
                    f"## SecurityTrails 富化\n"
                    f"- A 记录: {', '.join(a_records)}\n"
                    f"- Alexa 排名: {st_data.get('alexa_rank', 'N/A')}\n"
                    f"- 主机名: {st_data.get('hostname', 'N/A')}"
                )

                note = Note(
                    content=note_content,
                    object_refs=[entity_id],
                    abstract=f"SecurityTrails: {domain}",
                    allow_custom=True,
                )
                objects.append(note)

        except Exception as e:
            self.helper.log_error(f"SecurityTrails 富化失败: {e}")

        return objects


if __name__ == "__main__":
    connector = CustomEnrichmentConnector()

验收标准

• OpenCTI 实例成功部署并可访问
• VirusTotal 和 Shodan 连接器自动富化新指标
• 自定义连接器处理 GreyNoise 和 SecurityTrails 富化
• 置信度分数随富化结果更新
• 标签根据分类结果自动应用
• STIX bundle 正确通过连接器通信传递

参考资料

• OpenCTI 文档
• OpenCTI GitHub
• pycti Python 库
• OpenCTI 连接器库
• GreyNoise API