multiplayer-basics

Multiplayer Basics in Godot 4.3+

All examples target Godot 4.3+ with no deprecated APIs. GDScript is shown first, C# follows.

Related skills: See multiplayer-sync for state synchronization and interpolation. See dedicated-server for headless export and server deployment.

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1. Multiplayer Architecture

Godot uses a client-server model built on top of MultiplayerAPI. One peer acts as the server; all others are clients. Every peer has a unique integer ID assigned by the network layer:

Peer ID	Role
1	The server (always)
2, 3, …	Connected clients

Multiplayer authority is the concept of ownership over a node. Only the authoritative peer should read input and drive that node's state. By default the server (peer 1) is the authority for every node. Call set_multiplayer_authority(peer_id) to transfer ownership to a client.

Server (peer 1)
    ├── Owns game state by default
    ├── Spawns and validates objects
    └── Routes RPCs
Client (peer 2, 3, …)
    ├── Sends input to server via RPC
    └── Receives state updates from server

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2. Setting Up ENetMultiplayerPeer

GDScript

# network_manager.gd — add as autoload named NetworkManager
extends Node

const DEFAULT_PORT := 7777
const MAX_CLIENTS  := 16

var peer: ENetMultiplayerPeer


func host_game(port: int = DEFAULT_PORT) -> void:
	peer = ENetMultiplayerPeer.new()
	var err := peer.create_server(port, MAX_CLIENTS)
	if err != OK:
		push_error("NetworkManager: create_server failed — error %d" % err)
		return
	multiplayer.multiplayer_peer = peer
	_connect_signals()
	print("NetworkManager: hosting on port %d" % port)


func join_game(address: String, port: int = DEFAULT_PORT) -> void:
	peer = ENetMultiplayerPeer.new()
	var err := peer.create_client(address, port)
	if err != OK:
		push_error("NetworkManager: create_client failed — error %d" % err)
		return
	multiplayer.multiplayer_peer = peer
	_connect_signals()
	print("NetworkManager: connecting to %s:%d" % [address, port])


func disconnect_from_game() -> void:
	if peer:
		peer.close()
	multiplayer.multiplayer_peer = null


func _connect_signals() -> void:
	multiplayer.peer_connected.connect(_on_peer_connected)
	multiplayer.peer_disconnected.connect(_on_peer_disconnected)
	multiplayer.connected_to_server.connect(_on_connected_to_server)
	multiplayer.connection_failed.connect(_on_connection_failed)


func _on_peer_connected(id: int) -> void:
	print("NetworkManager: peer connected — id %d" % id)


func _on_peer_disconnected(id: int) -> void:
	print("NetworkManager: peer disconnected — id %d" % id)


func _on_connected_to_server() -> void:
	print("NetworkManager: connected to server — my id is %d" % multiplayer.get_unique_id())


func _on_connection_failed() -> void:
	push_error("NetworkManager: connection failed")

Key signal summary:

Signal	Fires on	When
peer_connected	Server + clients	A new peer finishes connecting
peer_disconnected	Server + clients	A peer disconnects or times out
connected_to_server	Client only	This client successfully connected
connection_failed	Client only	This client could not connect

C#

// NetworkManager.cs — add as autoload named NetworkManager
using Godot;

public partial class NetworkManager : Node
{
    private const int DefaultPort  = 7777;
    private const int MaxClients   = 16;

    private ENetMultiplayerPeer _peer;

    public void HostGame(int port = DefaultPort)
    {
        _peer = new ENetMultiplayerPeer();
        var err = _peer.CreateServer(port, MaxClients);
        if (err != Error.Ok)
        {
            GD.PushError($"NetworkManager: CreateServer failed — error {err}");
            return;
        }
        Multiplayer.MultiplayerPeer = _peer;
        ConnectSignals();
        GD.Print($"NetworkManager: hosting on port {port}");
    }

    public void JoinGame(string address, int port = DefaultPort)
    {
        _peer = new ENetMultiplayerPeer();
        var err = _peer.CreateClient(address, port);
        if (err != Error.Ok)
        {
            GD.PushError($"NetworkManager: CreateClient failed — error {err}");
            return;
        }
        Multiplayer.MultiplayerPeer = _peer;
        ConnectSignals();
        GD.Print($"NetworkManager: connecting to {address}:{port}");
    }

    public void DisconnectFromGame()
    {
        _peer?.Close();
        Multiplayer.MultiplayerPeer = null;
    }

    private void ConnectSignals()
    {
        Multiplayer.PeerConnected      += OnPeerConnected;
        Multiplayer.PeerDisconnected   += OnPeerDisconnected;
        Multiplayer.ConnectedToServer  += OnConnectedToServer;
        Multiplayer.ConnectionFailed   += OnConnectionFailed;
    }

    private void OnPeerConnected(long id)
        => GD.Print($"NetworkManager: peer connected — id {id}");

    private void OnPeerDisconnected(long id)
        => GD.Print($"NetworkManager: peer disconnected — id {id}");

    private void OnConnectedToServer()
        => GD.Print($"NetworkManager: connected — my id is {Multiplayer.GetUniqueId()}");

    private void OnConnectionFailed()
        => GD.PushError("NetworkManager: connection failed");
}

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3. RPCs

@rpc (GDScript) / [Rpc] (C#) marks a method as callable across the network. Choose the mode and transfer settings carefully — they affect both security and performance.

RPC Modes

Mode	Who may call it	Executes on
"authority" (default)	Only the authority peer	The peer(s) it is sent to
"any_peer"	Any connected peer	The peer(s) it is sent to

Transfer Modes

Mode	Delivery	Order	Use For
"reliable"	Guaranteed	In-order	Chat, spawn events, important state
"unreliable"	Best-effort	Unordered	High-frequency position updates
"unreliable_ordered"	Best-effort	In-order per channel	Smooth movement streams

GDScript

# chat.gd
extends Node

# Any peer can call this; executed on the server only.
# The server then broadcasts to all peers.
@rpc("any_peer", "reliable")
func send_chat_message(text: String) -> void:
	if not multiplayer.is_server():
		return
	var sender_id := multiplayer.get_remote_sender_id()
	_broadcast_chat.rpc(sender_id, text)


# Only the authority (server) can call this; runs on every peer.
@rpc("authority", "reliable", "call_local")
func _broadcast_chat(sender_id: int, text: String) -> void:
	print("[%d]: %s" % [sender_id, text])


# Client → server: request to spawn an object.
@rpc("any_peer", "reliable")
func request_spawn(scene_path: String, spawn_position: Vector2) -> void:
	if not multiplayer.is_server():
		return
	# Server validates and performs the actual spawn.
	var scene: PackedScene = load(scene_path)
	if scene == null:
		return
	var instance := scene.instantiate()
	instance.global_position = spawn_position
	get_tree().root.add_child(instance)


# High-frequency position sync — unreliable_ordered is acceptable here.
# transfer_channel separates this stream from other RPC traffic.
@rpc("authority", "unreliable_ordered", "call_local", 1)
func sync_position(pos: Vector2) -> void:
	global_position = pos

Sending to specific peers:

# Send to everyone (including self if call_local is set):
send_chat_message.rpc("Hello!")

# Send to one specific peer:
send_chat_message.rpc_id(target_peer_id, "Hello!")

C#

// Chat.cs
using Godot;

public partial class Chat : Node
{
    // Any peer can call; executes on the server only.
    [Rpc(MultiplayerApi.RpcMode.AnyPeer, TransferMode = MultiplayerPeer.TransferModeEnum.Reliable)]
    public void SendChatMessage(string text)
    {
        if (!Multiplayer.IsServer()) return;
        int senderId = Multiplayer.GetRemoteSenderId();
        Rpc(MethodName.BroadcastChat, senderId, text);
    }

    // Authority only; runs on every peer including the caller.
    [Rpc(MultiplayerApi.RpcMode.Authority,
         CallLocal = true,
         TransferMode = MultiplayerPeer.TransferModeEnum.Reliable)]
    private void BroadcastChat(int senderId, string text)
        => GD.Print($"[{senderId}]: {text}");

    // Client → server: request a spawn.
    [Rpc(MultiplayerApi.RpcMode.AnyPeer, TransferMode = MultiplayerPeer.TransferModeEnum.Reliable)]
    public void RequestSpawn(string scenePath, Vector2 spawnPosition)
    {
        if (!Multiplayer.IsServer()) return;
        var scene = GD.Load<PackedScene>(scenePath);
        if (scene == null) return;
        var instance = scene.Instantiate<Node2D>();
        instance.GlobalPosition = spawnPosition;
        GetTree().Root.AddChild(instance);
    }

    // High-frequency position sync.
    [Rpc(MultiplayerApi.RpcMode.Authority,
         CallLocal = true,
         TransferMode = MultiplayerPeer.TransferModeEnum.UnreliableOrdered,
         TransferChannel = 1)]
    public void SyncPosition(Vector2 pos)
        => GlobalPosition = pos;
}

Sending to specific peers in C#:

// Broadcast to all:
Rpc(MethodName.SendChatMessage, "Hello!");

// Send to one peer:
RpcId(targetPeerId, MethodName.SendChatMessage, "Hello!");

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4. Authority Model

Every node has exactly one authoritative peer — the peer that is permitted to send state updates for that node. Other peers should treat incoming state as read-only.

GDScript

# player.gd
extends CharacterBody2D

func _ready() -> void:
	# multiplayer.get_unique_id() returns this peer's ID.
	# The server assigns authority during spawn (see Section 6).
	pass


func _physics_process(delta: float) -> void:
	# Guard: only the authority peer reads input and moves.
	if not is_multiplayer_authority():
		return

	var direction := Input.get_vector("ui_left", "ui_right", "ui_up", "ui_down")
	velocity = direction * 200.0
	move_and_slide()

	# Broadcast position to all other peers.
	sync_position.rpc(global_position)


@rpc("authority", "unreliable_ordered", "call_local", 1)
func sync_position(pos: Vector2) -> void:
	if not is_multiplayer_authority():
		global_position = pos


# Check who owns this node at runtime:
func print_authority_info() -> void:
	print("My peer ID : %d" % multiplayer.get_unique_id())
	print("Authority  : %d" % get_multiplayer_authority())
	print("Am I auth? : %s" % str(is_multiplayer_authority()))

C#

// Player.cs
using Godot;

public partial class Player : CharacterBody2D
{
    public override void _PhysicsProcess(double delta)
    {
        // Guard: only the authority peer processes input.
        if (!IsMultiplayerAuthority()) return;

        var direction = Input.GetVector("ui_left", "ui_right", "ui_up", "ui_down");
        Velocity = direction * 200f;
        MoveAndSlide();

        Rpc(MethodName.SyncPosition, GlobalPosition);
    }

    [Rpc(MultiplayerApi.RpcMode.Authority,
         CallLocal = true,
         TransferMode = MultiplayerPeer.TransferModeEnum.UnreliableOrdered,
         TransferChannel = 1)]
    private void SyncPosition(Vector2 pos)
    {
        if (!IsMultiplayerAuthority())
            GlobalPosition = pos;
    }
}

API summary:

Method	Returns	Notes
multiplayer.get_unique_id()	int	This peer's ID
get_multiplayer_authority()	int	ID of the peer that owns this node
is_multiplayer_authority()	bool	True if this peer owns this node
set_multiplayer_authority(id)	void	Transfer ownership; call on the server

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5. Spawning Networked Objects

Use MultiplayerSpawner to replicate scene instances across peers. The server adds a child to the spawned node's parent, the spawner mirrors it on every peer with synchronized state. For dynamic spawn paths, configure _spawnable_scenes and call add_child(scene.instantiate()) only on the server.

See references/spawning-networked-objects.md for MultiplayerSpawner scene setup and the spawn-on-server flow (GDScript + C#).

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6. Player Join Flow

The full lobby-join lifecycle: peer connects → server allocates a slot → load lobby scene → spawn player node → broadcast peer-list to all clients → on "start match" RPC, transition all peers to gameplay scene.

See references/player-join-flow.md for the full GDScript and C# implementation (peer-connected handler, slot allocation, lobby state, gameplay transition).

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7. Disconnect Handling

Listen for peer_disconnected(id) on the multiplayer API. On the server: free the disconnected peer's player node and broadcast the updated peer-list. On clients: detect a server-disconnect and route to a reconnect / main-menu screen.

See references/disconnect-handling.md for the timeout detection settings, server-side cleanup, and client-side reconnect flow (GDScript + C#).

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8. Common Pitfalls

Pitfall	Symptom	Fix
Calling an RPC on the wrong authority	rpc_id silently ignored; method never runs	Check is_multiplayer_authority() before sending; use "any_peer" only where intentional
Desync from unordered RPCs	Positions jitter or snap	Use "unreliable_ordered" for streams; use "reliable" for critical state changes
Reading input in _process vs _physics_process	Movement desyncs on different frame rates	Always move CharacterBody2D in _physics_process; send sync RPCs from there too
Not checking is_multiplayer_authority() before input	Every peer controls every player	Add an if not is_multiplayer_authority(): return guard at the top of input handling
Spawning without MultiplayerSpawner	Object appears on server, missing on clients	Every runtime add_child on the server that should be replicated must go through MultiplayerSpawner.spawn()
Forgetting call_local on authority RPCs	Server state diverges from its own node	Add "call_local" when the sender also needs to execute the RPC locally
Using rpc() before the peer is assigned	Crash or silent failure	Assign multiplayer.multiplayer_peer before calling any RPC
Not stripping res:// scenes from exported builds	Clients can read server-only scripts	Use export_exclude or PCK encryption for sensitive server code

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9. Checklist

• ENetMultiplayerPeer.create_server() / create_client() return OK before assigning to multiplayer.multiplayer_peer
• All four multiplayer signals connected: peer_connected, peer_disconnected, connected_to_server, connection_failed
• Every node that reads player input guards with if not is_multiplayer_authority(): return
• Input processing and sync_position RPC are both in _physics_process, not _process
• RPC modes chosen deliberately: "any_peer" only for client → server calls; "authority" for server → client
• Unreliable RPCs used only for high-frequency updates (position, rotation); reliable for events (spawn, damage, chat)
• MultiplayerSpawner configured with all spawnable scenes before the first player joins
• set_multiplayer_authority(peer_id) called on the server after each player node is spawned
• peer_disconnected handler frees the player node and removes it from tracking collections
• server_disconnected handler on clients returns to main menu and nulls multiplayer.multiplayer_peer
• is_instance_valid() checked before dereferencing any stored node reference in disconnect callbacks
• No rpc() calls made before multiplayer.multiplayer_peer is assigned