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Uses RESTler for stateful REST API fuzzing: compiles OpenAPI specs, discovers producer-consumer dependencies, runs test modes, finds security bugs (500 errors, auth bypasses, resource leaks).
How this skill is triggered — by the user, by Claude, or both
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/cybersecurity-skills:performing-api-fuzzing-with-restlerThe summary Claude sees in its skill listing — used to decide when to auto-load this skill
- Performing automated security testing of REST APIs using their OpenAPI/Swagger specifications
Do not use against production environments without explicit authorization and monitoring. RESTler creates and deletes resources aggressively during fuzzing.
# Clone and build RESTler
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/restler-fuzzer.git
cd restler-fuzzer
# Build RESTler
python3 ./build-restler.py --dest_dir /opt/restler
# Verify installation
/opt/restler/restler/Restler --help
# Alternative: Use pre-built release
# Download from https://github.com/microsoft/restler-fuzzer/releases
# Compile the OpenAPI spec into a RESTler fuzzing grammar
/opt/restler/restler/Restler compile \
--api_spec /path/to/openapi.yaml
# Output directory structure:
# Compile/
# grammar.py - Generated fuzzing grammar
# grammar.json - Grammar in JSON format
# dict.json - Custom dictionary for fuzzing values
# engine_settings.json - Engine configuration
# config.json - Compilation config
Custom dictionary for targeted fuzzing (dict.json):
{
"restler_fuzzable_string": [
"fuzzstring",
"' OR '1'='1",
"\" OR \"1\"=\"1",
"<script>alert(1)</script>",
"../../../etc/passwd",
"${7*7}",
"{{7*7}}",
"a]UNION SELECT 1,2,3--",
"\"; cat /etc/passwd; echo \"",
"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
],
"restler_fuzzable_int": [
"0",
"-1",
"999999999",
"2147483647",
"-2147483648"
],
"restler_fuzzable_bool": ["true", "false", "null", "1", "0"],
"restler_fuzzable_datetime": [
"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"0000-00-00T00:00:00Z",
"9999-12-31T23:59:59Z",
"invalid-date"
],
"restler_fuzzable_uuid4": [
"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
"aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
],
"restler_custom_payload": {
"/users/{userId}": ["1", "0", "-1", "admin", "' OR 1=1--"],
"/orders/{orderId}": ["1", "0", "999999999"]
}
}
# authentication_token.py - RESTler authentication module
import requests
import json
import time
class AuthenticationProvider:
def __init__(self):
self.token = None
self.token_expiry = 0
self.auth_url = "https://target-api.example.com/api/v1/auth/login"
self.credentials = {
"email": "[email protected]",
"password": "FuzzerPass123!"
}
def get_token(self):
"""Get or refresh authentication token."""
current_time = time.time()
if self.token and current_time < self.token_expiry - 60:
return self.token
resp = requests.post(self.auth_url, json=self.credentials)
if resp.status_code == 200:
data = resp.json()
self.token = data["access_token"]
self.token_expiry = current_time + 3600 # Assume 1-hour TTL
return self.token
else:
raise Exception(f"Authentication failed: {resp.status_code}")
def get_auth_header(self):
"""Return the authentication header for RESTler."""
token = self.get_token()
return f"Authorization: Bearer {token}"
# Export the token refresh command for RESTler
auth = AuthenticationProvider()
print(auth.get_auth_header())
Engine settings for authentication (engine_settings.json):
{
"authentication": {
"token": {
"token_refresh_interval": 300,
"token_refresh_cmd": "python3 /path/to/authentication_token.py"
}
},
"max_combinations": 20,
"max_request_execution_time": 30,
"global_producer_timing_delay": 2,
"no_ssl": false,
"host": "target-api.example.com",
"target_port": 443,
"garbage_collection_interval": 300,
"max_sequence_length": 10
}
# Test mode: Quick validation that all endpoints are reachable
/opt/restler/restler/Restler test \
--grammar_file Compile/grammar.py \
--dictionary_file Compile/dict.json \
--settings Compile/engine_settings.json \
--no_ssl \
--target_ip target-api.example.com \
--target_port 443
# Review test results
cat Test/ResponseBuckets/runSummary.json
# Parse test results
import json
with open("Test/ResponseBuckets/runSummary.json") as f:
summary = json.load(f)
print("Test Mode Summary:")
print(f" Total requests: {summary.get('total_requests_sent', {}).get('num_requests', 0)}")
print(f" Successful (2xx): {summary.get('num_fully_valid', 0)}")
print(f" Client errors (4xx): {summary.get('num_invalid', 0)}")
print(f" Server errors (5xx): {summary.get('num_server_error', 0)}")
# Identify uncovered endpoints
covered = summary.get('covered_endpoints', [])
total = summary.get('total_endpoints', [])
uncovered = set(total) - set(covered)
if uncovered:
print(f"\nUncovered endpoints ({len(uncovered)}):")
for ep in uncovered:
print(f" - {ep}")
# Fuzz-lean: One pass through all endpoints with security checkers enabled
/opt/restler/restler/Restler fuzz-lean \
--grammar_file Compile/grammar.py \
--dictionary_file Compile/dict.json \
--settings Compile/engine_settings.json \
--target_ip target-api.example.com \
--target_port 443 \
--time_budget 1 # 1 hour max
# Checkers automatically enabled in fuzz-lean:
# - UseAfterFree: Tests accessing resources after deletion
# - NamespaceRule: Tests accessing resources across namespaces/tenants
# - ResourceHierarchy: Tests child resources with wrong parent IDs
# - LeakageRule: Tests for information disclosure in error responses
# - InvalidDynamicObject: Tests with malformed dynamic object IDs
# Full fuzz mode: Extended fuzzing for comprehensive coverage
/opt/restler/restler/Restler fuzz \
--grammar_file Compile/grammar.py \
--dictionary_file Compile/dict.json \
--settings Compile/engine_settings.json \
--target_ip target-api.example.com \
--target_port 443 \
--time_budget 4 \
--enable_checkers UseAfterFree NamespaceRule ResourceHierarchy LeakageRule InvalidDynamicObject PayloadBody
# Analyze fuzzing results
python3 <<'EOF'
import json
import os
results_dir = "Fuzz/ResponseBuckets"
bugs_dir = "Fuzz/bug_buckets"
# Parse bug buckets
if os.path.exists(bugs_dir):
for bug_file in os.listdir(bugs_dir):
if bug_file.endswith(".txt"):
with open(os.path.join(bugs_dir, bug_file)) as f:
content = f.read()
print(f"\n=== Bug: {bug_file} ===")
print(content[:500])
# Parse response summary
summary_file = os.path.join(results_dir, "runSummary.json")
if os.path.exists(summary_file):
with open(summary_file) as f:
summary = json.load(f)
print(f"\nFuzz Summary:")
print(f" Duration: {summary.get('time_budget_hours', 0)} hours")
print(f" Total requests: {summary.get('total_requests_sent', {}).get('num_requests', 0)}")
print(f" Bugs found: {summary.get('num_bugs', 0)}")
print(f" 500 errors: {summary.get('num_server_error', 0)}")
EOF
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stateful Fuzzing | API fuzzing that maintains state across requests by using responses from earlier requests as inputs to later ones, enabling testing of multi-step workflows |
| Producer-Consumer Dependencies | RESTler's inference that a value produced by one API call (e.g., a created resource ID) should be consumed by a subsequent call |
| Fuzzing Grammar | Compiled representation of the API specification that defines how to generate valid and invalid requests for each endpoint |
| Checker | RESTler security rule that tests for specific vulnerability patterns like use-after-free, namespace isolation, or information leakage |
| Bug Bucket | RESTler's categorization of discovered bugs by type and endpoint, grouping similar failures for efficient triage |
| Garbage Collection | RESTler's periodic cleanup of resources created during fuzzing to prevent resource exhaustion on the target system |
Context: A fintech company has 12 microservice APIs with OpenAPI specifications. Before a major release, the security team runs RESTler fuzzing against each service in the staging environment to catch bugs.
Approach:
Pitfalls:
## RESTler API Fuzzing Report
**Target**: User Service API (staging.example.com)
**Specification**: OpenAPI 3.0 (42 endpoints)
**Duration**: 4 hours (full fuzz mode)
**Total Requests**: 145,832
### Bug Summary
| Category | Count | Severity |
|----------|-------|----------|
| 500 Internal Server Error | 12 | High |
| Use After Free | 3 | Critical |
| Namespace Rule Violation | 5 | Critical |
| Information Leakage | 8 | Medium |
| Resource Leak | 4 | Low |
### Critical Findings
**1. Use-After-Free: Deleted user token still valid**
- Sequence: POST /users -> DELETE /users/{id} -> GET /users/{id}
- After deleting user, GET with the deleted user's token returns 200
- Impact: Deleted accounts can still access the API
**2. Namespace Violation: Cross-tenant data access**
- Sequence: POST /users (tenant A) -> GET /users/{id} (tenant B token)
- User created by tenant A is accessible with tenant B's credentials
- Impact: Multi-tenant isolation breach
**3. 500 Error: Unhandled integer overflow**
- Request: POST /orders {"quantity": 2147483648}
- Response: 500 Internal Server Error with stack trace
- Impact: DoS potential, information disclosure via stack trace
### Coverage
- Endpoints covered: 38/42 (90.5%)
- Uncovered: POST /admin/migrate, DELETE /admin/cache,
PUT /config/advanced, POST /webhooks/test
npx claudepluginhub costrict-plugins-repo/mukul975-anthropic-cybersecurity-skills-cybersecurity-skillsPerforms stateful REST API fuzzing with Microsoft RESTler using OpenAPI specs to generate test sequences, discover dependencies, and detect bugs like 500 errors, auth bypasses, and injections. For automated API security testing.
Performs stateful REST API fuzzing with Microsoft RESTler: compiles OpenAPI specs, runs test/fuzz modes, and analyzes results for security and reliability bugs.
Performs stateful REST API fuzzing with Microsoft RESTler: compiles OpenAPI specs, runs test/fuzz modes, and analyzes results for security and reliability bugs.