flet-imperative

Flet Imperative Mode — Complete Reference

Flet 0.85.x+ | Imperative (procedural) mode | All APIs verified against Flet 0.85.0 source

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What's New in Flet 0.85.x (Imperative-Relevant)

Feature	Details
page.navigate(route)	Sync wrapper for page.push_route() — use in on_click and other sync callbacks
page.pop_views_until(route, result=None)	Pop views to a target route. Result delivered via new on_views_pop_until (ViewsPopUntilEvent)
page.take_animation(name, frame_delays_ms, pixel_ratio)	Capture animated PNG sequence in one round-trip; requires page.enable_screenshots = True
Screenshot control	New control with content + async capture() for subtree screenshots
DragTargetEvent deprecations	.x, .y, .offset deprecated (removal in 0.88.0) — use local_position / global_position
ft.Router (also imperative-friendly)	While ft.Router lives in components, you can still mount one inside page.render(App) from imperative code

Flet 0.83.x Foundations

Feature	Details
6.7x faster diffing	Prop descriptor tracks only modified properties — imperative apps benefit directly
Smart update()	If you call .update() explicitly, the framework skips automatic post-handler update (no double renders)
Customizable scrollbars	Scrollbar(thumb_visibility=, thickness=, radius=, interactive=, orientation=) on Column, Row, ListView, GridView, ExpansionPanelList
Scrollable ExpansionPanelList	Now inherits ScrollableControl
SharedPreferences expanded	Now supports int, float, bool, list[str] (not just str)
Padding functions removed	ft.padding.all() / .symmetric() / .only() removed — use ft.Padding.all() class methods
Field validation	Controls use Annotated[type, V.rule()] for declarative constraints
Desktop packaging	Desktop binaries moved from PyPI to GitHub Releases, cached at ~/.flet/client/

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When to Use This Skill

• Building Flet apps using imperative mode (page.add, page.update)
• Migrating from Flet 0.x to 1.0+
• Encountering API errors (Tabs, Badge, BorderRadius, Colors, Keyboard, etc.)
• Quick prototyping without the declarative component system

For declarative mode (@ft.component, page.render), see the flet-app skill.

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Fundamentals

Entry Point

import flet as ft

def main(page: ft.Page):
    page.title = "My App"
    page.add(ft.Text("Hello, Flet!"))

ft.run(main)    # NEVER ft.app(target=main)

Auto-Update Mechanism (Flet 1.0+)

Flet automatically calls page.update() after event handlers and main().

def button_click(e):
    page.controls.append(ft.Text("Clicked!"))
    # No page.update() needed — auto-update handles it

page.add(ft.Button(content=ft.Text("Click"), on_click=button_click))

Smart update logic (0.83+) — the framework tracks whether page.update() was called during event handler execution. If explicit .update() occurs, the automatic framework-level update is skipped, eliminating redundant updates and visual glitches.

Batch optimization — disable auto-update for bulk operations:

def add_many(e):
    ft.context.disable_auto_update()
    for i in range(100):
        page.controls.append(ft.Text(f"Item {i}"))
    page.update()  # Single update instead of 100

Project Setup

flet create          # Generates pyproject.toml + src/main.py + src/assets/
flet run             # Run the app

Project structure:

my_app/
├── pyproject.toml   # Dependencies
└── src/
    ├── main.py      # Entry point
    └── assets/      # Static files

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Critical API Traps

Most error-prone APIs — always verify before using:

API	Wrong	Correct
Launch	ft.app(target=main)	ft.run(main)
Colors	ft.colors.BLUE	ft.Colors.BLUE (uppercase C)
Alignment	ft.alignment.center	ft.Alignment.CENTER (uppercase A)
BorderRadius	ft.border_radius.all(10)	ft.BorderRadius.all(10) (uppercase B)
BorderRadius	tl=5, tr=5	top_left=5, top_right=5 (full names)
Border	ft.border.all(...)	ft.Border.all(...) (uppercase B)
Buttons	ft.ElevatedButton(...)	ft.Button(content=...) or ft.FilledButton(...)
Icon	ft.Icon(name=...)	ft.Icon(icon=...)
Tabs	ft.Tabs(tabs=[...])	Tabs(content=Column([TabBar(...), TabBarView(...)]), length=N)
TabBarView	no height	Must set height=
Dialog	page.open(dialog)	page.show_dialog(dialog) / page.pop_dialog()
SnackBar	page.snack_bar = ...	page.overlay.append(sb); sb.open = True; page.update()
Keyboard	page.on_key_down	page.on_keyboard_event only
Badge	label_style=, small=	Only label=

Full trap list: See references/api-traps.md

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Core Patterns

Service Controls

file_picker = ft.FilePicker()
page.services.append(file_picker)    # NOT page.add() or page.overlay

Async Event Handlers

async def on_click(e):
    await file_picker.pick_files()     # Async API calls need async def

async def delayed_action(e):
    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)           # Use asyncio.sleep, NOT time.sleep

Dialogs

dialog = ft.AlertDialog(
    title=ft.Text("Confirm"),
    content=ft.Text("Are you sure?"),
    actions=[
        ft.Button(content=ft.Text("Yes"), on_click=lambda e: page.pop_dialog()),
        ft.Button(content=ft.Text("No"), on_click=lambda e: page.pop_dialog()),
    ],
)
page.show_dialog(dialog)    # NOT page.open()
page.pop_dialog()           # NOT page.close()

SnackBar / BottomSheet

snackbar = ft.SnackBar(content=ft.Text("Done!"), bgcolor=ft.Colors.GREEN)
page.overlay.append(snackbar)
snackbar.open = True
page.update()

Tabs (Three-Part Pattern)

ft.Tabs(
    content=ft.Column([
        ft.TabBar(tabs=[
            ft.Tab(label="Home", icon=ft.Icons.HOME),
            ft.Tab(label="Settings", icon=ft.Icons.SETTINGS),
        ]),
        ft.TabBarView(
            height=200,   # REQUIRED
            controls=[
                ft.Container(content=ft.Text("Home"), padding=20),
                ft.Container(content=ft.Text("Settings"), padding=20),
            ],
        ),
    ]),
    length=2,
)

Keyboard Events

def on_keyboard(e: ft.KeyboardEvent):
    if e.key == "Escape":
        print("Escape pressed")
    if e.ctrl and e.key == "S":
        print("Ctrl+S")

page.on_keyboard_event = on_keyboard
# NO: page.on_key_down, page.on_key_up, e.event_type, e.type

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API Verification (Mandatory for Uncertain APIs)

python -c "import inspect; import flet as ft; print(inspect.signature(ft.BorderRadius.__init__))"
python -c "import flet as ft; print(hasattr(ft, 'CircleAvatar'))"
python -c "import flet as ft; print([m for m in dir(ft.Page) if not m.startswith('_')])"

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Development Checklist

• Use flet create for new projects (generates standard structure)
• Use ft.run(main) — NOT ft.app()
• Use ft.Colors.XXX (uppercase C)
• Use ft.Alignment.CENTER (uppercase A)
• Use icon= for Icon (not name=)
• BorderRadius: top_left/top_right/bottom_left/bottom_right (not abbreviations)
• Set height on TabBarView
• Verify uncertain APIs with inspect
• Service controls go in page.services, NOT page.add()

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Resources

Reference Documentation

• Architecture — Clean architecture pattern for production apps
• API Traps — Critical API pitfalls
• Breaking Changes — 82+ changes from 0.x
• Error Guide — Error lookup table
• New Controls — 19 new controls

Example Code (20 verified examples)

• examples/01_basic_app.py — Basic structure
• examples/02_async_clock.py — Async real-time updates
• examples/03_form_validation.py — Form validation
• examples/04_file_picker_service.py — FilePicker service
• examples/05_shared_preferences.py — Local storage
• examples/06_animation_effects.py — Animations
• examples/07_dialog_example.py — Dialogs
• examples/08_layout_responsive.py — Responsive layout
• examples/09_theme_styling.py — Tabs three-part pattern
• examples/10_navigation_menu.py — Navigation
• examples/11_data_table.py — DataTable
• examples/12_window_controls.py — Window control
• examples/13_drag_drop.py — Drag and drop
• examples/14_keyboard_events.py — Keyboard events
• examples/15_gestures.py — Gestures
• examples/16_clipboard.py — Clipboard
• examples/17_media_player.py — Media
• examples/18_canvas_custom_paint.py — Canvas
• examples/19_file_operations.py — File I/O
• examples/20_charts_canvas_visualization.py — Charts

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Applicable Version: Flet >= 0.83.0 Breaking Changes: 82+